IPC 02:
Properties of Matter
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Properties of Matter
Elements & Compounds
Classifying Matter
Mixtures & Phase
Changes
Density
Buoyancy
Viscosity
Gases & Pressure
 Matter is anything that has
1. Mass is the amount of ____________
an object has.
2. Volume is the amount of __________
an object takes up.
• Question: Will an inflated balloon weigh more, less,
or the same as the same balloon deflated?
• Make a hypothesis, then test it.
• Obtain the mass of a balloon, then inflate it, and
then obtain the new mass.
Pure Substances:
• Compounds
– made from more than
___________________
– A _________________
is the smallest particle of
a compound that retains
its properties.
– Compounds cannot be
separated by
___________________
Ex: salt, distilled water,
sugar
• Elements
– made of only one kind of
___________________.
– An atom is the __________
part of an element).
Ex:
Mixtures: contain _______________________ of matter and are
physically combined.
• Homogeneous Mixture
• Heterogeneous Mixture
• ________________ (same)
throughout in composition
• ________________(different)
throughout in composition
• Examples:
coffee
air (mixture of gases)
• _________________like:
brass (Cu & Zn)
steel (Fe & C)
• Examples:
sand in water
tea with ice cubes
oil in water
chicken noodle soup
– (__________________)
Separation of Mixtures
Mixtures can be separated by
_____________________________
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Filtration
Centrifuge
Chromatography
Distillation
Crystallization
Compounds can be separated by
___________________________
Examples:
a) __________________ of water
water  hydrogen gas and oxygen
gas
b) _________________________
Magnesium + Acid  hydrogen gas
Mg + HCl (acid)  MgCl2 + H2
Classify Matter
Element, Compound, Homogenous mixture, or
Heterogeneous mixture
Boric Acid Solution
Oxygen gas (O2)
Carbon monoxide (CO)
Steel (Carbon, Iron)
Casserole
Properties of Matter
Property – _________________________
Physical properties:
• characteristics that can
be observed or measured
____________________
_________________ the
identity of the substance.
• Brainstorm a list of
physical properties as a
group.
Hint: Think of gasoline!
Chemical properties:
• characteristics of a
substance’s “_________”
to change into a
____________________.
• Brainstorm a list of
chemical properties as a
group.
How many properties did you come up with?
Physical
density
melting point
hardness
boiling point
luster
freezing point
solubility
viscosity
elasticity
brittleness
magnetism
malleability
odor
ductility
color
tensile strength
solid
electrical
liquid
conductivity
gas
Chemical
combustibility
flammability
reactivity
pH (acidity)
Ex:
States of Matter (Phases)
Phase
Shape
Volume
Fluidity
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Plasma – “___________________”.
Plasma
• Plasma is a gas containing
charged particles such as
____________________
and _________________
• It is the ______________
____________________
of matter in the universe.
Changes of State
Physical Properties
Hardness luster –
Solubility –
Elasticity –
Which would you rather play
“basketball” with?
A) bowling ball
B) volleyball
Physical Properties
Brittleness –
Malleability –
Ductility –
Tensile Strength –
Chemical Properties
CombustibilitY & Flammability –
pH –
reactivity –
Changes of Matter
Physical Changes:
• A change that
_________________
produce a new
substance.
• Usually
_________________.
• Ex:
Chemical Changes:
• A change that
_________ produce a
new substance.
• Usually __________
reversible.
• Ex:
Phase Change:
• ______________________
influences changes of state.
• Endothermic:
– Melting:
– Boiling:
– Sublimation:
• Exothermic:
– Condensation:
– Freezing:
– Deposition:
The Phase
Change Graph
1. Phase changes require a
gain or loss of _______?
2. When does it gain energy?
3. When does it lose energy?
Temp is
constant.
4. At what points does the
temperature stay the
same?
5. Can two states coexist?
Real World Experiences!
• How does it feel when you put
rubbing alcohol on your skin? Why?
• What happens to “dry ice” when left
on the counter? Why?
• What happens to “moth balls” left in
storage trunks?
Critical Point – Gas & Liquid
are indistinguishable
The Phase Diagram
On the line,
____________
coexist!
Temperature
Practice
1.
2.
Pressure/bar
B
3.
C
4.
5.
3
6.
300
Temp/K
What does point A
represent?
What area does 1, 2, and 3
represent?
What is the state of the
substance at 250K & 100
bar?
Which state(s) of matter
exist at: point A?
Which state(s) of matter
exist at: point B?
Which state(s) of matter
exist at: point C?
Dry Ice Lab:
“Simply Sublime”
Dry Ice is particularly useful
for freezing, and keeping
things frozen because of
its very cold temperature:
-109.3°F or -78.5°C.
CAUTION: NEVER pick up
dry ice with your bare
hands!
Wear gloves & goggles!
How do you know a chemical
change has occurred?
Evidence of a Chemical Change:
1. Energy (Heat):
 absorbed energy
(________________________)
 released energy
(________________________)
2. ______________ is produced
(bubbles)
3. Solid (_______________) forms
4. ___________ or _____________
change occurs
Physical
change
begins
in the
mouth
Identify the following as a physical property, a
chemical property, a physical change, or a
chemical change.
Ice melting
Tarnishing in moist air
Silver in color
Conducts electricity
Ability to explode
Recycled aluminum can
Ability to react with acid
Burned the popcorn
Mass vs. Volume
• Which has
more mass?
A) 1 kilogram of
feathers
B) 1 kilogram of
bricks
• Which takes up
more space?
A) 1 kilogram of
feathers
B) 1 kilogram of
bricks
Measure matter by finding the density!
Which has the greater
density?
A) steel bar
B) steel paper clip
Density of Steel
steel bar
Units for Density
Metric Units:
Solid:
Liquid:
Density of water is
______(at 4º C)
Which one floats? Why?
• Density of Water:
1.00 g/mL
• Density of Ice:
0.92 g/mL
Which of the following will float on water?
Why is it good to know the density?
Predict the correct “floating order” of the substances as
they would appear in the “Density Column”.
Substance
Density
g/cm3
Copper
Corn oil
Corn syrup
8.8
0.925
1.38
Glycerin
Mercury
Plastic
Rubber
Tar
Water
Wood
1.26
13.6
0.93
1.34
1.02
1.00
0.7
Why does a block of steel sink, but
a steel boat float?
The Titanic
Sinks
What two
forces are
involved?
is the tendency for a ___________
dense substance to float in a
_______________ dense substance.
The__________________
___________________
exerted on an object
immersed in a fluid is
called the
“___________________
__________________”.
Draw a vector to show the buoyant force
(up) and the weight force (down).
Weight Force (Gravity)
Buoyant Force
Which liquid exerts a
greater buoyant force
on the block?
Blue or Clear?
When will an object sink or float?
Sink
Float
• Weight Force
___Buoyant Force
• Weight Force ____
Buoyant Force
• Density of object ____
density of fluid
• Density of object ____
density of fluid
Archimedes Principle
 The buoyant force exerted on
an object in a fluid is
________________________
to the weight of the fluid
displaced by the object.
It explains:
 the buoyancy of ____________
 the _________________ of a
balloon in the air
 the loss of ________________
of objects underwater.
2N
2N
Archimedes’ Principle Practice:
• Rock weighs _________
• In water, the rock weighs
________________
• The water displaced by
the rock:
• So, the buoyant force
exerted on the rock is
____________________
0.45 N
Do all fluids exert the same
buoyant force on an object?
Which liquid exerts a greater buoyant force?
Buoyancy and Fluid
How do Submarines work?
Buoyancy and Gases
Why do hot air balloons float?
• A balloon will float when the
weight of the balloon is
_________ ______________
the weight of the volume of air
displaced.
• Air in the balloon is heated to
make it __________________
than the surrounding air.
Which flows slower?
Ketchup or Molasses?
Viscosity is the
due to:
• Large, bumpy
__________________
• Strong _____________
between particles.
How does temperature affect viscosity?
• As a liquid gets
warmer, its viscosity
_________________
• As a gas gets
warmer, its viscosity
_______________.
• Ex:
• Why?