Nelson Mandela
By. Harris Nazri
9 .B
His Early Life before participating
in Politics. ..

He was born in Mvezo, a small village located in the district of Umtata.
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Father served as chief of Mvezo, and had 4 wives, Mandel was born to his father’s
3rd wife.

Attended Clarkebury Boarding Institute at the age of sixteen when his father
passed away from tuberculosis.

Studied bachelor of arts after enrolling at the Fort Hare University.

After leaving Fort Hare, upon arrival back to South Africa, he found a job at a mine
as a guard. Then as an articled clerk at the Johannesburg law firm.

Completed B.A degree at the university of South Africa, then he began studying
law at the University of Witwatersrand where he befriended students and future
anti-apartheid political activists.
Early Political Activity
 Mandela began actively participating in politics after the 1948
election victory of the Afrikaner-dominated national party. This
group supported the Apartheid policy of racial segregation.
 He led the African National Congress in both the Defiance
Campaign and the 1955 congress of the people (which adopted
the ‘Freedom Charter” that provided the basic of the antiapartheid cause).
 Him and Oliver Tambo (his lawyer) operated a law firm that
provided free or low cost legal cost to many blacks that lacked
attorney representation during his time in order to help the
blacks.
Armed Anti-Apartheid Activities

Became the leader of the ANC armed wing in 1961.

He carried out sabotage missions against the military and government, possible guerilla
warfare if the anti-apartheid campaign failed.

Raise funds for the MK and and arranged paramilitary training for them.

Guerilla warfare soon took place later mostly in the 1980’s against the apartheid government.
Civilian casualties.

Admitted that the ANC also violet some human rights in its campaign against apartheid.

Described the situation in South Africa as increased repression, violence from the apartheid
government in his response to the non-violent protest campaign, and couldn’t achieve any
progress.

Couldn’t enter the US form the South Africa’s apartheid government era designations as
‘terrorist’.
Arrest, trial and Imprisonment

Arrested in 5th August, 1962 after living on the run for 17 months thanks to the help of CIA

He was imprisoned In Johannesburg Port for 5 years

ANC leaders were too arrested in 11th July, 1963,

Brought in the ‘Rivonia Trial’ charged by chief prosecutor Dr. Percy Yutar with four charges of
capital offense, crimes equivalent to treason, plotting foreign invasion of South Africa.

For reasoning ANC’s choice to use violence as tactics to resist against apartheid during its
state of emergency.

He then was imprisoned in Robben Island for the next 18-20 years.

While being imrisoned, tudy with the University of London by correspondence through its
External Programme and received the degree of Bachelor of Laws.
Release AND Negotiations

Released from victor Verster Prison in Paarlon 11th february 1990.

He made a speech declaring to peace, reconciliation to the white minority

Returned to the ANC to between 1990-94 leading the party to multi-racial negotiations
that led to the nation’s first multi racial elections

Oliver Tambo became the National Chairperson.
Presidency of south Africa
 South Africa’s first multi racial election as granted on 27th
of April, 27th April. ANC won 62% of the votes
 Nelson Mandela was South Africa’s first black president
Thank you
 Bibliographies:
 "Nelson Mandela." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 10 Apr. 2011.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nelson_Mandela>.

"Nelson Mandela - Biography." Nobelprize.org. Web. 10 Apr. 2011.
<http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1993/mandela-bio.html>.

"Nelson Mandela Foundation – Memory - Biography." Nelson Mandela Foundation – Home. Web. 10 Apr. 2011.
<http://www.nelsonmandela.org/index.php/memory/views/biography/>.

"BBC News - Mandela's Life and times." BBC - Homepage. Web. 10 Apr. 2011. <http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/worldafrica-12305154>.