Amy Allen
Jenn Palm
Edwin Porrata
Crystal Whitley
Authors: Brian C. Leutholtz, PHD
Journal Title: Physical Medical
Rehabilitation
Date, Volume & Pages: January
1995 p65-p69

explore effects of exercise intensity on body composition
of obese subjects during severe caloric restriction.

40 subjects (33 women and 7 men)

12 week supplemented fasting program

Randomly assigned to high or low intensity group

Bruce Protocol was used
◦ Measured heart rate and blood pressure
◦ RPE was recorded, distance, time, and heart rate

Significant reduction in body weight was associated with
decreased body fat after weight loss regimen.

No significant loss of lean body mass

Relative VO2 max improved

Resting heart rate and blood pressure significantly lowered

No significant difference in benefits between
high and low intensity workouts
Using Self-Efficacy and a
Transtheoretical Model to develop a
Physical Activity Intervention for Obese
Women
Authors: Cindy Byfield, PhD, RD;
Jennifer Anderson, PhD, Rd
Journal Title: American Journal of
Health Promotion
Date, Volume & Pages: 2003; 17:
373-381

To assess the effectiveness of applying behavior
change theory to a physical activity intervention for
obese, sedentary women.



PARTICIPANTS
58 sedentary, obese woman
MEASURES
Questionnaire on:
Physical activity
Stage of Change
Process of Change
Self efficacy
INTERVENTION
Two groups


27 of the 29 in the treatment
group participated. 17
participated from the control
group. GREAT results for the
treatment group. The control
group was not as successful.
Significant improvements in
the processes of change for
the treatment group –
improvements in only 2
processes were observed for
the control group.
A Theory based intervention
Versus a traditional exercise
program…
Theory based intervention
incorporates how obese
women think.
Influence of Diet and/or Exercise on
Body Composition and
Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Obese
Women
Authors: Alan C. Utter, David C.
Nieman, Elizabeth M.
Shannonhouse, Diane E.
Butterworth, and Cathy N. Nieman
Journal Title: International Journal
of Sport Nutrition
Date, Volume & Pages: 1998, 8,
213-222

To determine the influence of moderate to vigorous aerobic
exercise, energy restriction, or both on body composition
and cardiorespiratory fitness in a large group of obese
women.

102 obese females participated in a 12 week program

Randomized into one of four groups: control, exercise,
diet, or exercise and diet

Cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition, and BMI
were taken before and after the program

During the program, weekly weigh-ins and 24 hour
dietary recalls were conducted

Both the diet and the diet/exercise groups showed
significant decreases in the following areas:
• body mass
• percent body fat
• body mass index
• fat mass

No significant changes were found in fat – free mass for all
groups

Change in VO2 max was significantly greater for exercise
groups

VO2 max increased in both exercise groups due to
moderately high intensity

Moderate exercise training independent of diet had little to
no effect on fat mass

Moderate exercise training during a 12 week period
improved cardiorespiratory fitness but had no significant
effect in accelerating diet-induced losses in body fat mass
in a large number of obese women.
The effects of aerobic and
resistance exercises in obese
women
Authors: Ayse Sarsan,
Journal Title: Clinical
Rehabilitation
Date, Volume & Pages: 2006;
20: 773-782

Compare effects of aerobic and
resistance exercise on weight,
muscle strength, cardiovascular
fitness, blood pressure and
mood in obese women who
were not on energy restricted
diet.

60 obese women were assigned to one of three groups:
 aerobic exercise
 resistance exercise
 control

Measured mood, cardiorespiratory capacity and
maximum strength of trained muscles

Showed improvements in:
◦ 1RM
◦ VO2 Max
◦ Beck depression scale (aerobic group)
◦ Aerobic and resistance training improved
performance and exercise capacity

Aerobic exercise improved:
 depressive symptoms
 VO2 max

Resistance exercise improved:
 muscle strength
Authors: Van Aggel-Leijssen,
WHM Saris, M Homan and MA
van Baak
Journal Title: International
Journal of Obesity
Date, Volume & Pages: 2001,
Vol. 25, Pg 16-23

Determine if high intensity or low intensity
exercise stimulates fat oxidation & metabolism
in part of B-adrenergic in obese men.

Determine the differences between the two
exercising stimuli & the fat oxidation of
metabolism in lean & obese men.

There were 23 obese men, evaluated with a medical history &
physical examination; all subjects were in good health.
◦
No medications used to influence any kind of
manipulation of the variable measured.
◦
Categorized into groups of three’s by BMI, Fat
Percentage, Age, and Vo2 max.
◦
Randomly divided into groups; High intensity exercisers
(N=8, 70% Vo2 max), Low intensity exercisers (n=7, 40%
Vo2max), and non-training controlled group (n=8).
◦
Subjects recorded dietary habits
•


After 12-weeks there were no changes in body
composition in any group.
◦ There was a significant increase in Vo2 max and
Vo2max FFM in both HI & LI-exercising groups.
Both increases were also very similar in their final
measurements.
◦ Between the HI & C group there was a huge difference
in Vo2max and Vo2 max FFM.
There were no changes in the lean group or the C obese
group.
◦ The compliance of both exercising groups managed
well (LI was 88.7% & HI was 92.6%)





The 12-week exercise program involved
measurements of body composition, maximal aerobic
capacity, & isoprenaline-induced thermogenesis
&substrates before exercising.
Each member did not spend >2 hours a week in sport
activities & had no physically demanding job.
HI & LI groups participated in cycling on an ergometer
3x/week with each session fixed at 5kcal*kg*FFM^-1.
Heart rate was monitored continuously during the
training session.
Evaluations of Vo2 Max test were performed &
adjusted at the lab under supervision of a trainer at
week 4 & at week 8.






After the intervention, LI & HI-intensity exercise
training failed to affect the B-adren. stimulation
relative to fat oxidation in obese men.
Increases occurred from B-ad.-medicated lipolysis in
HI exercises in obese men.
LI exercise training were similar in Lean & Obese
men.
Variations in habitual energy expenditure seems to
play a role in the difference between H & L
responders of B-adren. adipocyte lipolysis.
Physical fitness was a significant increase in both
exercising groups.
The concentration glycerol in the H.I. group
increased the most after the intervention.




NHANES survey1 shows that among adult
men the prevalence of obesity was
increased from 31.1% (2003) to 35% in
2006
Proper exercise, nutrition, and behavior
modification
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Health Risks
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