Training of Trainers
TNA METHODOLOGIES
By Senior Sort Term International Expert: Kyriakos DIMITRIOU
Place: UCCI Tashkent Training Centre
Ташкент - July 1, 2014
This project is financed by the
European Union
1
The project is implemented by a
European Profiles S.A. led consortium
Training needs analysis (TNA)
Training in companies/ organizations is needed to fill
in the gap between
 Employees do have (existing gap)
G
A
P
skills and competencies
knowledge
attitudes
behavior
 the Company or Organization expect or need
(expectation’s gap)
Analyzing what the training needs are is a vital
prerequisite for any effective training program.
This project is financed by the
European Union
2
The project is implemented by a
European Profiles S.A. led consortium
TNA defines
Without training needs analysis we may miss priority
needs, or even cover areas that are not essential.
TNA is crucial to define at the same time:
 the needs
 the level of skills, abilities and competencies
 the level of knowledge
 the expectations
 the priorities
of potential learners and the organization
or the company they are working for
This project is financed by the
European Union
3
The project is implemented by a
European Profiles S.A. led consortium
TNA - When
Training needs analysis is a prior activity.
This activity will define somehow the level of
delivery, the training objectives and
structure. Training needs can be sorted
broadly into three types:
• those that can be anticipated
• those that arise from monitoring
• those which result from unexpected
problems
This project is financed by the
European Union
4
The project is implemented by a
European Profiles S.A. led consortium
TNA– How?
Usually is performed by experts that contrast
actions done previously, to the expected one.
This is combined with competency standards we
need to achieve.
• The toughest but best way in terms of a quality
action is data collection by the trainer himself.
TNA is usually carried out through desk Analysis
of existing data, questionnaires, personal or
group interviews, focus groups, observation etc.
This project is financed by the
European Union
5
The project is implemented by a
European Profiles S.A. led consortium
Effective TNA
Effective TNA involves systematic planning,
analysis and coordination across the
organization, to ensure that:
organizational priorities are taken into
account,
duplication of effort is avoided and
economies of scale are achieved
This project is financed by the
European Union
6
The project is implemented by a
European Profiles S.A. led consortium
TNA - Action checklist
1. Ensure that the identification of training
needs is integrated across the
organization
2. Anticipate future needs
3. Develop monitoring techniques
4. Investigate unexpected problems
5. Identify the level of need
6. Consider what type of training will be
most appropriate
This project is financed by the
European Union
7
The project is implemented by a
European Profiles S.A. led consortium
TNA time management
Company's size
factors
Low/
high
Low/
low
High/
high
High /
low
rate of needs
This project is financed by the
European Union
8
The project is implemented by a
European Profiles S.A. led consortium
TNA CYCLE
C
O
S
T
I
N
G
This project is financed by the
European Union
Define
who
evaluati
on
implemen
ting
Define
what
Job
analysis
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R
E
P
O
R
T
I
N
G
The project is implemented by a
European Profiles S.A. led consortium
The training cycle
1. TNA
Follow
up
Evaluate
This project is financed by the
European Union
Design
Deliver
10
The project is implemented by a
European Profiles S.A. led consortium
Training: Setting the objectives
Be specific
• Why is this training being carried out?
• What knowledge and skills will the participants
carry away with them?
• How should the participants feel after the
training has finished?
• Be practical
• Check the criteria for goals and objectives
Don’t define too many objectives
This project is financed by the
European Union
11
The project is implemented by a
European Profiles S.A. led consortium
Structure of training
A training action consist of three parts: pretraining phase, the training and post-training
phase. The logical structure is
Pre - training
training
• Were we
stand now?
• We intent …
• methods
• Means
This project is financed by the
European Union
Post
training
• Is it applied?
• Follow up
12
The project is implemented by a
European Profiles S.A. led consortium
Structure of training
So, in preparing the training structure and
content the trainer should consider the
following:
What I intend to do: goals and objectives
How am I going to
do it:
How will I know if I
have succeeded:
This project is financed by the
European Union
content, methods
and materials
monitoring and
evaluation
13
The project is implemented by a
European Profiles S.A. led consortium
…to know Categories
One kind of
categorization knowledge,
skills, abilities,
competencies, etc. is:
ie “must know” …
It is crucial not to confuse
“Categories of
Knowledge” with
“Degree of Difficulty”
This project is financed by the
European Union
Must
Important
Useful
14
The project is implemented by a
European Profiles S.A. led consortium
Using pre - assignments
Pre assignment in training is a task that is agreed
between the two parties (trainer – learners) to be
done in a future time. It is a training technique that
include: High involvement by learners / Activation
of all senses / Theory knowledge / Research and
involvement of resources
Setting a pre assignment the trainer must:
• Give concrete instructions
• Give quantitative limits
• Give an example to the learners
This project is financed by the
European Union
15
The project is implemented by a
European Profiles S.A. led consortium
Defining a successful training
When a training action is successful (prefer to call it
effective instead of successful) ?
We strongly believe that basic assumption in order to
create an effective training activity, is to involve
learners in the training action, turn to advantage
their experiences, knowledge and skills and taking
into account their preferences and particularities.
Also the use of various techniques is very helpful.
Effectiveness is a continuous process. And the results
on how effective the training was, is coming later on…
This project is financed by the
European Union
16
The project is implemented by a
European Profiles S.A. led consortium
Development of a training program
(Development from the side of the company
/ organization)
There are four major considerations in
developing and running a training program:
• Planning and ex ante evaluation
• Logistics
• Implementation
• Evaluation
This project is financed by the
European Union
17
The project is implemented by a
European Profiles S.A. led consortium
Planning
Planning takes into account the findings of
TNA and set the objectives and goals
Define the area / areas of training delivery
Decide the dates of delivery
Select the trainer / trainers
Determine the staff involved
(ex ante evaluation will be part of the
evaluation module)
This project is financed by the
European Union
18
The project is implemented by a
European Profiles S.A. led consortium
Logistics
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Where (place, location)
Equipment and materials
Human resources
Other resources
Consumables
Fees
Other (ie translation etc)
This project is financed by the
European Union
19
The project is implemented by a
European Profiles S.A. led consortium
Stages
• Objective of the
activity
• The entry behavior
• The “learning
contract”
• Deciding the
content
• Sequence planning
This project is financed by the
European Union
• Ways of maximum
recall
• Planning of
resources
• The performance
• Review - feedback
20
The project is implemented by a
European Profiles S.A. led consortium