Hydrogroup Meeting
Mohid Land & Mohid Drainage
Network
Frank Braunschweig
Rosa Trancoso
Pedro Galvão
Pedro Chambel
Ramiro Neves
Etc.
Presentation Overview
• Introduction
– Mohid Framework
– Mohid Land vs. Mohid Drainage Network
– Pardiela (Degebe) Catchment Characteristics
• Mohid Drainage Network
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Channel Flow Results
Heat Fluxes
Coliform Decay
Channel Bed Water Exchange
Pool Implementation
Cascade Incorporation
SWAT Coupling
Cohesive Sediment Transport
Coupling Water Quality Modules
• Mohid Land
– Spatial Rainfall Interpolation
• Future Tasks
Introduction
MOHID Water Modeling System - Numerics
MOHID
Soil
MOHID
Land
Macrospore,
Soil, …
Runoff,
Basin, …
Executable
Library
Module
Convert
To XYZ
Basin
Delineator
Convert
To HDF 5
Digital
Terrain
Creator
MOHID
Water
Hydrodynamic,
Waterproperties,
…
Mohid Base 3
Soil modules
Soil, Soil Properties,...
Mohid Base 2
Grid and Atmosphere modules
River
Network
Horizontal Grid, Vertical Grid, Atmosphere, Advection Diffusion, ...
Mohid Base 1
Process, IO and Function modules
Global Data, Water Quality, Sediment Quality, EnterData, HDF, Functions, Time, LUD, Triangulation, Time Series, ...
Introduction
Mohid Land vs. Mohid Drainage Network
Mohid Drainage
Network –
Standalone
program which
simulates in-stream
processes.
Data not provided
simulated by the
model must be
supplied as
boundary condition
(e.g. overland flow
discharge)
1D Drainage network
 H
Q   Q 2 
Q2n2 
 
 2 4/3   0
  gA 
t x  A 
 x A Rh 
2D Overland flow
Q
A.Rh2 / 3 H / x
n
3D Porous Media
 h z 

  K ( h) 


t
 xi xi 
Precipitation
Variable in Time
& Space
Mohid Land – Integrated Model composed by a
set of modules (Overland flow, Drainage
Network, Atmosphere, Porous Media, etc.)
Introduction
Catchment Caracteristics
Source: NASA
Source: Textural Map
Source: Land Use
&
&
&
Mohid GIS
Saxon 1986
Ponce, 1989, p. 139
Introduction
Catchment Caracteristics
Bottom Width
~1.0m
Top Width
~4.0m
Height
~1.0m
Bottom Width
Top Width
Height
Bottom Width
~11.0m
Top Width
~22.0m
Height
~5.0m
~5.5m
~12.0m
~3.4m
Minimum water depth
for flow: 0.001m
Introduction
Catchment Caracteristics
Conductivity
~7.10e-06m/s
Theta Saturated
0.3645m3/m3
Theta Residual
0.0644m3/m3
Conductivity
~1.85e-06m/s
Theta Saturated
0.4221m3/m3
Theta Residual
0.0908m3/m3
Initial Water content = Field capacity
8 Vertical Layers
MOHID Drainage Network
Channel Flow Results
•
Delivery Model MOHID Land:
– Run 06 – Manning Channels = 0.03, Rain Constant in Space
– Run 08 – Manning Channels = 0.03, Rain Variable in Space
– Run 10 – Manning Channels = 0.06, Rain Variable in Space
MOHID Drainage Network
Channel Flow Results
Run 06 – Manning Channels = 0.03, Rain
Constant in Space
Run 08 – Manning Channels = 0.03, Rain
Variable in Space
Run 10 – Manning Channels = 0.06, Rain
Variable in Space
Second Event recorded by probe
First Event recorded by probe
Results – Total Mass
Infiltration
Rain
EVTP
Flow
Results – GW Level
MOHID Fill Matrix
Rain Interpolation
Delaunay triangulation
Inverse Weight Distance
Produces HDF Files with a Matrix of Rainfall (or any other property) with a user
defined frequency (e.g. 1 hour) during a user defined period (e.g. 2003-2004)
MOHID Land
Rain Stations
Rain Interpolation
Overland Flow
Channel Flow
Relative Water Content in
the upper soil layer
MOHID Drainage Network
Heat Fluxes
Solar Radiation
(Date, Hour of Day, Cloud
Cover, Riparian Shading)
Sensible Heat
(Wind, Water & Air
Temperature)
Long wave Radiation
(Cloud Cover, Water & Air
Temperature)
Latent Heat
Equations From
Water Temperature
Modeling Review
Central Valley
September 2000
Michael L. Deas
Cindy L. Lowney
Input Variables:
(Water & Air Temperature, Wind
Speed, Relative Humidity)
•Air Temperature
Sediment Exchange
•Wind Speed
(Water & Sediment
Temperature)
•Relative Humidity
•Cloud Cover
•Riparian Shading
MOHID Drainage Network
Heat Fluxes
Input Variables:
•Air Temperature –Hourly Data
•Wind Speed – Hourly Data
•Relative Humidity – Daily Data
•Cloud Cover – Monthly Invented Data
•Riparian Shading – Constant Coefficient of 70%
MOHID Drainage Network
Coliform Bacteria
Solar Radiation
(Date, Cloud Cover,
Riparian Shading)
Coliform Decay
(Water Temperature,
Salinity & Radiation)
Input Variables:
T90 Computation Methods
•Constant
•Canteras
•Chapra
•T90 Method
MOHID Drainage Network
Coliform Bacteria
Discharges = 0.25m3/s
Initial Concentration = 1.e7 u/100ml
MOHID Land
Channel Bed Water Exchange
Channel –
Water Table
Exchange
Overland Flow
- Channel
Channel Overland Flow
(Floods)
Calculation based on the hydraulic head gradient
Q  K . A.H / x
MOHID Land
Channel Bed Water Exchange
MOHID Drainage Network
Pool Implementation
Top Width
Node Volume =
Area Vertical =
+
Water Depth
Channel Height
Pool Depth
Bottom Width
MOHID Drainage Network
Pool Implementation
Discharges = 0.10m3/s
Pools (Initially empty)
Conclusion: With Pools water level rises later
but quicker at the outlet
MOHID Drainage Network
Pool
Implementation
Sediment Concentration
Recorded Waterlevel
<30min.
Flow Depth [m]
2.0
1.5
1.0
Level
0.5
0.0
0:00
7:12
14:24
21:36
MOHID Drainage Network
Cohesive Sediment Transport - Equations
Fdep

 

 CWs 1  *
  
dep 

Fero
Deposition
Erosion
*
 dep
*
 ero
dep* – Critical Deposition shear stress
C – Suspended concentration [kg m-3]
Ws – Settling velocity [m s-1]
HS – Hindered settling
K1C m if
C  CHS
WS  
K1CHS m 1  K 2 (C  CHS )m1
 

 E *  1
  ero 
if
C  CHS
ero* – Critical Erosion shear stress
E – Erosion constant [5e-4 kg m-2 s-1]
MOHID Drainage Network
Cohesive Sediment Transport - Test
•
•
Daily precipitation
No suspended sediment
Precipitation and Shear stress
ErosionRate
DepositionRate
0.012
1.E-04
3.E-07
0.25
0.01
1.E-04
3.E-07
0.2
0.008
8.E-05
2.E-07
0.15
0.006
6.E-05
2.E-07
0.1
0.004
4.E-05
1.E-07
0.05
0.002
2.E-05
5.E-08
0
8-Jan 9-Jan 10-Jan 11-Jan 12-Jan 13-Jan 14-Jan 15-Jan
0.E+00
6-Jan 7-Jan 8-Jan 9-Jan
Time
10Jan
11Jan
Time
12Jan
13Jan
14Jan
0.E+00
15Jan
Cohesive Sediment at the outlet
Deposited
1.E-01
1.E+02
1.E-01
8.E+01
8.E-02
6.E+01
6.E-02
4.E+01
4.E-02
2.E+01
2.E-02
0.E+00
0.E+00
6-Jan 7-Jan 8-Jan 9-Jan 10-Jan 11-Jan 12-Jan 13-Jan 14-Jan 15-Jan
Time
kg m-2 s-1
Suspended
kg m-2 s-1
0
6-Jan 7-Jan
kg m-2 s-1
0.3
kg m-2 s-1
precipitation
m3 s-1
Pa
shear_stress
Cohesive Sediment at the outlet
MOHID Drainage Network
Coupling Water Quality Modules
Water Quality (WASP)
Ce-Qual-W2
Coupled Module Water Quality
Each River Reach is a control Volume
In each Time Step Concentration are
passed to the Water Quality Model
Based on Concentration and Rates
these modules calculate new
Concentrations
Water Quality Modules pass back new
concentrations to River Reaches
Nº
Nº
Variable
Unit
Unit
11
Phytoplankton
Algae (separated by species)
gC/m3
mgC.L-1
22
Macroalgae
Epiphyton (separated by species)
gC/m3
kgC.m-2
33
Zooplankton
Refractory Dissolved Organic Matter (DOMre)
gC/m3
mgC.L-1
44
Ammonium
Labile Dissolved Organic Matter (DOMnr)
gC/m3
mgN.L-1
55
Nitrite
Refractory Particulate Organic Matter (POMre)
gC/m3
mgN.L-1
66
Nitrate
Labile Particulate Organic Matter (POMnr)
gC/m3
mgN.L-1
77
Particulate
Total Inorganic
organic
Carbon
nitrogen
(TIC)(PON)
gC/m3
mgN.L-1
88
Refractory
Total Organic
dissolved
Carbonnitrogen
(TOC) organic (DONre)
gC/m3
mgN.L-1
99
Non-refractory
Dissolved Oxygen
dissolved nitrogen organic (DONnr)
gO2/m3
mgN.L-1
10
10
Inorganic
CBOD phosphorus (PO43-)
gO2/m3
mgP.L-1
11
11
Particulate
Phosphate organic phosphorus (POP)
gPO3/m3
mgP.L-1
12
12
Refractory
Ammoniumdissolved phosphorus (DOPre)
gNH4/m3
mgP.L-1
13
13
Non-refractory
Nitrite-Nitrate dissolved phosphorus (DOPnr)
gN/m3
mgP.L-1
14
14
Oxygen
Dissolved
concentration
Silica
gSi/m3
mgO2.L-1
15
15
Total
Particulate
Suspended
Silica Sediments (TSS)
gSi/m3
ng/L
16
16
Microbiological
Total Iron
Parameters
gFe/m3
/100mL
17
17
Generic
Total Dissolved
Constituent
Solids (TDS)
kg/m3
18
Total Suspended Solids (TSS)
g/m3
19
Inorganic Suspended Solids (ISS)
g/m3
20
Microbiological Parameters
/100mL
21
Generic Constituent
MOHID Land
Coupling Water Quality Modules
Results so far don’t make sense
•Wrong boundary conditions (Constant concentration from Overland / Groundwater)
•Maybe wrong parameterization
MOHID Drainage Network
Cascade Integration - Equations
• Continuity
time
 
t
Qint  Qint 1 Qout
 f V t 1
V t 1  V t
 Qin  Qout 

t
2
2
?
t+1
t
downstream
• Momentum




Q
 Q 
h

  gA
1D 

 S f  So
0
 


t

x
A

x
 
 
bottom slope 
friction


inertia
pressure


2
advection
Kinematic Wave:
Rh2 / 3 A So
S f  So  Q 
n
MOHID Drainage Network
Cascade Integration - Algorithm
Volume
Depth, Area
Yes
Flow
New Volume
V t 1  V t
V  AL  (b  mh)hL
t 1
Qout
 Rh2 / 3 A i / n
t
t 1
 Qout
V t 1  V t Qint  Qint 1 Qout


t
2
2
Error = Vol – New Vol
Error >
Tolerance
?
Conservative method!
MOHID Drainage Network
Cascade Integration - Results
MOHID Test for stability:
V t 1  V t
Vt
Equal!
Min DT = 10s
t
   0.1  t 
N Not
 1Equal:
Higher DT gives higher peak
Min DT = 12.5s
Equal!
Min DT = 13.63s
Conclusion:
Cascade gives more correct
results for higher DTs
MOHID Drainage Network
SWAT Coupling – Task 1
• SWAT code
changed to
produce a
discharge file for
each subbasin
outlet
Outlet of Sub-Basin 11
Outlet of Sub-Basin 1
MOHID Drainage Network
SWAT Coupling – Task 2
• Import to
MOHID GIS
ArcView File
with the location
of the outlets of
the sub-basin
MOHID Drainage Network
SWAT Coupling – Task 3
• Produce a
Discharge Input
file for Mohid
Drainage
Network
MOHID Drainage Network
SWAT Coupling – Task 4
• Run MOHID
Drainage
Network with
discharges from
SWAT
MOHID Drainage Network
SWAT Coupling – Task 4
Comparison
SWAT
(Integrated Model)
vs.
MOHID
Drainage Network
(using SWAT as
delivery model)
MOHID Drainage Network
SWAT Coupling – Task 4
Comparison
Mohid Land
(Integrated Model)
vs.
MOHID
Drainage Network
(using SWAT as
delivery model)
MOHID Porous Media
Features
• 3D non saturated flow
• 2D aquifer
• Two new vertical coordinates
– Sigma Top
– Cartesian Top
• Dynamic Interface between 2D and 3D
zone
• Will be presented by Pedro Galvão…
Mohid Land
Future Tasks
Water
Land
Program and Test Atmospheric Fluxes (Infrared Radiation)
Frank
3 days
Improve Advection Diffusion
Luis / Frank
?
Program CE_QUAL-W2
Pina
1 week
Test MOHID Water / CE-QUAL-W2
Sandra / Pina
2 month?
Couple WQ and Ce-QUAL-W2 to Drainage Network
Rosa / Frank
less then 1 week
Setup versions of Drainage Net for all TempQsim Catchments
Pedro Chambel
2 weeks
Couple SWAT and Drainage Net
Pedro Chambel
less then 1 week
Setup SWAT / Drainage Net for Pardiela
Pedro Chambel
2 days
Describe SWAT Land Quality vs. Module TFC Pedro Galvao
Pedro Chambel / Pedro Galvao
Write Paper for EGU 2005
Pedro Galvao
1 week
Setup MOHID Land Pardiela
Frank
?
Setup MOHID Land Vallcebre
Frank
?
Setup MOHID Land Trancão
Rosa
?
Setup MOHID Land Montargil
Pedro Galvão
?
Setup MOHID Land Maranhão
Frank
1 week
Program Evapotranspiration Real / Potencial
Pedro Galvão
less then 1 week
Program Transport of Properties in Module Porous Media
Pedro Galvão
3 weeks
Program Transport of Properties in Module Runoff
Frank?
1 week
Erosion Deposition in module Drainage Network
Rosa
1 week
Program Four Point Implicit no Drainage Networkq
Frank / Rosa
less then 1 week
Root Depth
Pedro Galvao
less then 1 week
Canopy Storage / Snow
Frank
less then 1 week
Rainfall Variable in Time / Space
Frank
To Do
In Progress
Done