Chapter 2.3 & 2.4 System Review Key
What is the function of the circulatory system?
The circulatory system is your body’s transportation system. It carries nutrients and
oxygen to all of your cells while removing carbon dioxide and other wastes from the
cells.
Distinguish between systolic and diastolic blood pressure.
Systolic blood pressure is the pressure in the arteries when the ventricles are
contracting. Diastolic blood pressure is the pressure in the arteries when the
ventricles are relaxing.
Fill in the chart below to describe the types of blood cells and the function of each
Cell Type
Name
Function
Erythrocytes
Red Blood Cells (RBC)
Carry oxygen
Leukocytes
Platelets
White Blood Cells (WBC) Fight infection
NA
Blood clotting
Explain what blood plasma is, what it is made of, and its major functions.
Plasma is the liquid part of the blood. It is 90% water. The remaining 10% contains
dissolved salts (ions), proteins, nutrients and waste products.
Identify each of the blood vessels below and tell the function of each:
Veins - take deoxygenated blood back to the heart
Arteries - carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body
Capillaries - gas exchange between veins and arteries
Name the blood type above that is known as the…
Universal donor - Type O
Universal recipient - Type AB
List, in order, the correct pathway of blood through the heart:
1)
VENAE CAVAE
6)
PULMONARY VEINS
2)
RIGHT ATRIUM
7)
LEFT ATRIUM
3)
RIGHT VENTRICLE
8)
LEFT VENTRICLE
4)
PULMONARY ARTERIES
9)
AORTA
5)
LUNGS
10)
TO THE BODY
BLOOD TYPE ANTIGEN
ANITBODIES
CAN GIVE BLOOD TO CAN RECEIVE BLOOD FROM
A
A
ANTI-B
A, AB
A, O
B
B
ANTI
B AND AB
B, O
AB
AB
AB
A,B,AB,O
O
NONE
A, B, AB, O
O
NONE
ANTI-A & ANTI-B
Tell which of the structures above carry oxygen-rich blood and which carry oxygen-poor
blood.
Oxygen-rich: Pulmonary veins, left atrium, left ventricle, aorta
Oxygen-poor: Superior vena cave, inferior vena cava, right atrium, right ventricle,
pulmonary artery
Label the order of the excretory system
Kidney
Artery
Vein
Ureter
What is the function of the kidneys?
Remove waste products from the
blood, regulate water content of the
blood, and help maintain pH in blood.
Bladder
Sphincter
Urethra
What is a reflex arc? Describe the path that the message takes. What is a reflex?
A reflex arc is the pathway that connects sensory neurons to interneurons
(which are found in spinal cord) to motor neurons. A reflex is a very quick
response that does not always require the brain; the signal is sent to the
spinal cord.
Label the 5 major parts of the neuron
AXON
Axon Terminal
Myelin Sheath
Cell body
Directions: Label the following parts on the diagram of the human endocrine system.
a. pineal
b. hypothalamus
c. pituitary
d. thyroid
e. parathyroids
f. thymus
g. adrenal
h. pancreas
i. ovary (female)
j. testis (male)
Pineal body
Hypothalamus
Parathyroid
Pituitary
Thyroid
Thymus
Adrenal
Glands
Pancreas
Ovaries
Testies
Explain why the endocrine system is so closely related to the nervous system.
They both regulate the body and help maintain homeostasis. Endocrine system
move hormones throughout the blood
Define the term hormone and explain its general characteristics. What does the pancreas
secrete? Why is it so important?
Chemicals that travel in the blood to target organs, glands and/or muscles;
pancreas secretes insulin for patients with diabetes
What is the "master" gland? What does it do?
The pituitary gland is referred to as the master gland because it controls most of
the body’s glands.
Comparison
Nervous System
Endocrine System
Fast or slow
reaction?
Fast
Slow
What system does
the signal travel
through?
Central & peripheral systems
Blood
Which helps regulate
the body?
Which helps with
negative feedback?
Positive & Negative Loops: Describe how they each work and what ultimately do they do?
The maintenance of our internal body temperature is controlled by hormones; this
process is an example of a Negative Feedback Loop.