The World of Music
7th Edition
Part 3
Listening to World Music
Chapter 8:
Music Beyond the Americas
Classical Music of India
• Classical Music
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Highly Developed
Improvisatory
Melodic
No Intended Harmony
Memorized
Virtuosic
Sensitive
• Terms
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Rasa - the aesthetic basis
Raga – the melodic pattern
Tala – the rhythmic pattern
Guru – master teacher
• Hindustani Instruments
– Sitar – the lead plucked
stringed instrument
– Sarod – another plucked
stringed instrument
– Tabla - drum
– Tambura – stringed
instrument providing the
drone
• Karnatic Instruments
– Vina - the lead plucked
stringed instrument
– Mridangam - drum
– Sarangi – a bowed stringed
instrument
Popular Music of India
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Disseminated by Cassette Tape
Often Pirated
Influenced by Western Jazz and Rock
Often Lip-Synched in “Bollywood”
Musicals
Music in Japan
• Traditional Japanese Music
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Often incorporated into theatre
Regional in Variety
Entwined with visual and dramatic effects
Maximum Effect from Minimum Resources
Kengyo – Venerable Master Teachers
• Instruments
– Koto – 13 stringed instrument
– Shakuhachi – End Blown Flute
– Shamisen – 3 stringed accompaniment instrument
Music in Japan
• Styles
– Gaguku – ancient court music
• From 9th through 11th centuries
• Total experience – dance, masks, visual effects
• Instruments
– Hichiriki – Double reeded like an Oboe
– Sho – Mouth Organ
– Kabuki – theatrical music
• After the 14th century
• Naguta – the onstage ensemble
– Drums, Shamisens, Flute, and singers
• Geza – Offstage ensemble primarily for effects
Music in Japan
• Western Styles Prominent
– Taught in Schools, Universities, and
conservatories
• Classical
• Jazz
• Latin
– Performed Frequently
Music in Sub-Saharan Africa
• Usually found with other
Arts
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Dancing
Cotumes
Sculpture
Crafts
Drama
• Functions
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Religious
Social Activities
Entertainment
Ceremonies
• Instruments
– Membranophones
• Drums
– Idiophones
• Rattles
• Bells
– Chordophones
• Harps
• Fiddles
– Xylophones
– Mbiras (Thumb Piano)
• 8 to 30 keys/metal reeds
– Aerophones
• Trumpets
• Flutes
Popular Music in Sub-Saharan
Africa
• Famous Styles
– Highlife
– Juju
– Afro-Beat
• Influenced by
Western Popular
Music
• Famous Artists
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Babtunde Olatunji
Youssou N’Dour
King Sunny Ade’
Ladysmith Black
Mambazo
Traditional Music of Eastern
Europe
• Influences
– Byzantine Chants
– Mongolian Pentatonic
Modes
– Islamic
Rhythms/Textures
– Western European
Musical Language
• Threats to Traditional
Music
– Shift to
Industrialization
– Government Control of
Culture
– Changes in
National/Regional
Boundaries
– Ethnic Population
Shifts
The Music of Indonesia
• Gamelan
– 4 to 30 musicians
– Instruments
• Gongs
• Drums
• Metal “Xylophones”
– Often with added Dance,
Drama and Poetry
– Non-Western Scales
– Found in many American
Universities (FSU)
• Popular Music
– Kroncong
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Old Style
From Film
Patriotic
Respectable
– Dangdut
• Youth (New) Style
• Mostly poor people
• Influences from
– Indian Music
– Kroncong
– Western Pop
Jewish Music
• American Jewish Classical Composers
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Irving Berlin
George Gershwin
Aaron Copland
Leonard Bernstein
• Liturgical Music
– Emphasizes prayers and invocations
– Melismatic
– Sung by the Cantor
• Klezmer Music
– Popular
– Small Band (Combo)
– Plays
• Jewish Tunes
• Yiddish Folk Music
• Gentile Music
Celtic Music
• Traditional Music found in
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Ireland
Scotland
Wales
Brittany (GB)
France
Spain
• Oral Tradition
• Popular amongst New
Age Music Fans
• Similar to, but not equal
to Irish Folk Music
• Artists
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Altan
Clannad
Solas
The Chieftains
Celtic Music
• Instruments
– Fiddles
– Bodhran
• Hand Drum
– Harp
• Celtic
• Welsh
– Bouzouki
• Plucked Stringed Instrument
– Uilleann Pipes
• Irish Bellows blown Bagpipes
– Hurdy Gurdy – a mechanical violin
• A stringed instrument where a rosined wheel rotates under the
strings (instead of being bowed) creating the vibrations for sound