LEADERSHIP STYLES
TOTALITARIANISM
CHARACTERISTICS
WHEN EFFECTIVE
WHEN INEFFECTIVE
EXAMPLES
TOTALITARIANISM
CHARACTERISTICS
-absolute control by a
political party
WHEN EFFECTIVE
-when a goal must be
accomplished by a set
time
-a theory or system where -when all citizens /
all economic activity is
members agree to the
controlled by a political
policies set by the leaders
party
-if leaders abide by the
same rules set for their
-leadership by a dictator
citizens
who has complete power.
They are usually
aggressive and or racist
WHEN INEFFECTIVE
EXAMPLES
-if citizens / members do
not agree to the rules or
policies
-if leaders do not follow
the same rules as
expected by their citizens
/ members
-if there is no time limit for
a goal
-countries belonging to
the former Soviet
Union, China, Cuba,
North Korea
-Germany in the
1930’s-40’s
AUTOCRATIC
CHARACTERISTICS
WHEN EFFECTIVE
WHEN INEFFECTIVE
EXAMPLES
AUTOCRATIC
CHARACTERISTICS
WHEN EFFECTIVE
WHEN INEFFECTIVE
EXAMPLES
-tells others what to do
-limits discussion on
ideas
-can be elected into
power and is a less
extreme form of
totalitarianism
-time is limited in decision
making
-individuals/ group lack
still and knowledge
-group members / citizens
do not get along or are
unable to co-operate
-developing a strong
sense of team is a goal
-group members or
citizens have some
degree of skill /knowledge
-developing a strong
sense of team is a
goal
-group members or
citizens have some
degree of skill
/knowledge
-decisions are made by a
king or queen (monarch)
DEMOCRATIC
CHARACTERISTICS
WHEN EFFECTIVE
WHEN INEFFECTIVE
EXAMPLES
DEMOCRATIC
CHARACTERISTICS
WHEN EFFECTIVE
WHEN INEFFECTIVE
EXAMPLES
-decisions are made by
the majority
-high degree of skill and
motivation among group
members
-a sense of team exists
-routines are familiar to
participants
-low sense of team
/interdependence
-members have low
degree of skill /
knowledge
-group expects what to be
told what to do
-Canada, U.S
-power rests in the body
of citizens and the head
of government is not a
king or queen (monarch)
LAISSEZ-FAIRE
CHARACTERISTICS
WHEN EFFECTIVE
WHEN INEFFECTIVE
EXAMPLES
LAISSEZ-FAIRE
CHARACTERISTICS
WHEN EFFECTIVE
WHEN INEFFECTIVE
EXAMPLES
-no group leader or
recognized system of
government
-time is available
-group is motivated and
/or a sense of team exists
-members of the group
have some degree of
skill/knowledge
-group is unmotivated
-members have little skill
or knowledge
-high degree of conflict is
present
-Somalia
-a state of social disorder
due to lack of government
*Often results in
Anarchy
THEOCRATIC
CHARACTERISTICS
WHEN EFFECTIVE
WHEN INEFFECTIVE
EXAMPLES
THEOCRATIC
CHARACTERISTICS
WHEN EFFECTIVE
WHEN INEFFECTIVE
EXAMPLES
-leadership by the
religion
-if all members possess
the same understanding
of the religion
-values / morals and
ethics are the same for all
members involved
-if religious rules and
-Ayatollah Khomeini of
regulations are interpreted Iran (1979-1989)
differently among citizens
/ members
-if values / morals and
ethics are different for
citizens / members
ARISTOCRACY
CHARACTERISTICS
WHEN EFFECTIVE
WHEN INEFFECTIVE
EXAMPLES
ARISTOCRACY
CHARACTERISTICS
WHEN EFFECTIVE
WHEN INEFFECTIVE
EXAMPLES
-decisions made by those
who are considered to be
superior through wealth
or education
- when the aristocracy is
interested in the welfare
of the people
- when the aristocracy
becomes self interested in
maintaining the “status
quo”
- France - Estates
System