PowerPoint
® to accompany
Chapter 24
Second Edition
Ramutkowski  Booth  Pugh  Thompson  Whicker
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
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Objectives
24-1 Spell, define, and correctly use the Key Terms in this chapter.
24-2 List the functions of skin.
24-3 Explain the role of skin in regulating body temperature.
24-4 Describe the layers of skin and the characteristics of each layer.
24-5 Explain the factors that affect skin color.
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Objectives (cont.)
24-6 List the accessory organs of the skin and describe their structures and functions.
24-7 Describe the appearance, causes, and treatments of various types of skin cancer.
24-8 Describe the appearance, causes, and treatments of common skin disorders.
24-9 Explain the ABCD rule and its use in evaluating melanoma.
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Objectives (cont.)
24-10 List the different types of burns and describe their appearance and treatments.
24-11 Describe the signs, symptoms, causes, and treatments of other skin disorders and diseases.
23-15 Describe the different patterns of inheritance.
23-16 Describe the signs and symptoms of various genetic conditions.
23-17 Describe the locations and characteristics of the four main tissue types.
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
Integumentary system consists of skin and its accessory organs.

Accessory organs:

Hair follicles

Nails

Skin glands
Skin is the body’s outer covering and its largest organ .
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
Protection

Body temperature regulation

Vitamin D production

Sensation

Excretion
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Epidermis

Stratum corneum

Stratum basale
Dermis
Hypodermis
(subcutaneous)
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
Determined by amount of melanin in the epidermis of skin

Range from yellowish to brownish

The more melanin the darker the skin color
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
Alopecia
– results in hair loss

Cellulitis
– inflammation of connective tissue in skin

Dermatitis
– inflammation of skin or a rash

Eczema
– chronic dermatitis

Folliculitis
– inflammation of hair follicles
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(cont.)

Herpes simplex
– Type 1 and 2

Herpes zoster
– shingles

Impetigo
– oozing skin lesions that eventually crust over

Psoriasis
– inherited autoimmune disorder

Scabies
– contagious skin condition caused by mites
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What is alopecia?
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Apply Your Knowledge
Answer
What is alopecia?
Alopecia results in hair loss
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
Basal cell carcinoma – progresses slowly and rarely spreads to other body parts

Squamous cell –more likely to spread to surrounding tissues

Malignant melanoma – more aggressive; occurs anywhere
 Most arise from melanocytes
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(cont.)
Basal Cell Carcinoma
Signs and symptoms:

New growth or sore that will not heal

Waxy, smooth, red, pale, flat, or lumpy

May or may not bleed
Treatment:

Curettage and electrodessication
 Mohn’ surgery

Cryosurgery

Laser therapy
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(cont.)
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Signs and symptoms:

Arises from flat cells of the epidermis
Treatment:

Same as for basal cell carcinoma
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(cont.)
Melanoma
Signs and Symptoms:

Arise from melanocytes

Appear on trunk, head, neck of men

Appear on arms and legs of women

Itches or bleeds
Treatment:

Surgery & biopsy

Removal of cancerous lymph nodes

Chemotherapy

Radiation therapy

Immunotherapy
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(cont.)
Stages of Melanoma:

Stage O
– only found in epidermis

Stage I
– spread to epidermis and dermis
(1 to 2 mm thick)

Stage II
– 2 to 4 mm thick plus ulceration

Stage III
– spread to one or more lymph nodes

Stage IV – spread to other body organs or lymph nodes far from original melanoma
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A
– Asymmetry:the mole should not become asymmetrical
B
– Border should not become irregular
C
– Color should not change or become a mixture of colors
D
– Diameter should not grow larger than the diameter of a pencil eraser
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The physician told you that the patient in room three has stage IV melanoma. As you walk back to her room, what should you remember about stage IV melanoma?
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Apply Your Knowledge
Answer
The physician told you that the patient in room three has stage IV melanoma. As you walk back to her room, what should you remember about stage IV melanoma?
Stage IV has spread to other body organs or lymph nodes far from original melanoma.
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Hair follicles –

Tube-like depressions in the dermis of skin, generate hairs
Sebaceous glands

Oil glands that produces sebum to keep hair soft
Nails

Protect the ends of fingers and toes
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(cont.)
Sweat glands

Located in the dermis of skin

Eccrine – produce watery type of sweat

Apocrine – produces thicker type of sweat
22


Second leading cause of accidental death in the U.S.

Rule of Nines is used to determine severity (degree) of burn

Burn severity:

First - degree

Second - degree

Third - degree
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
Do not remove anything sticking to the burn

Do not apply butter, lotions, or ointments

Cool with large amounts of water

Cover with sterile sheet or plastic bag
24

Using Figure 24-5, determine burn severity for a patient who has burnt his anterior face, and both arms.
Click for Figure 24-5
Rule of Nines
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Apply Your Knowledge
Answer
Using Figure 24-5, determine burn severity for a patient who has burnt his head and both arms.
Head = 9%
Both arms, hands, and shoulders = 18% + 18%
9% + 18% + 18% = 45%
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Skin is the body’s outer covering and its largest organ
.
You need to have knowledge of the integumentary system in order to assist the physician to care for patients with diseases of the skin.
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End of Chapter
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