Carbon Capture and Storage
Kathryn Moore
Chemical Engineering Undergraduate
University of Texas at Austin
November 20, 2007
Image: http://i.treehugger.com/files/th_images/carbon-dioxide-01.jpg
Capture Technologies
Chemical Absorption
Polymer Membrane
Cryogenic Fractionation
Pressure Swing Adsorption
Storage Technologies
Ocean Sequestration
Geological Sequestration
Future Technologies
Reduction of CO2 into Useful Fuels
Reduction of CO2 into Formic Acid
CARBON CAPTURE:
Chemical Absorption
 Most widely used
method of separation
 Used for low
concentrations of
CO2 in the flue gas
 Common Solvent is
MEA
 Steps to Absorption
Image: Chemical Absorption Process (USDOE “Scrubbing”)
Lean
A
B
S
O
R
B
E
R
Flue
Gas
S
T
R
I
P
P
E
R
Rich
RB
CARBON CAPTURE:
Polymer Membrane
 Porous Inorganic
Membranes
 Steps for Membrane
Separation
 Hollow Fiber
Membrane Example
 Common Solvent is
still MEA
Image: Schematic Representation of Membrane Contactor for Gas Separation (Xu, et al.)
CARBON CAPTURE:
Cryogenic Fractionation
 Separation of gases through cooling until
they enter their liquid states
 Due to different Heats of Vaporization, a
liquid/gas mixture can then be separated
 Used for high concentrations
 Flue gases typically have low
concentrations
Information: (Khoo, 2006)
CARBON CAPTURE:
Pressure Swing Adsorption
 PSA process
 High potential
 Choosing solvents
carefully
Image: Adsorption of CO2 on Solid Sorbents at Room Temperature (USDOE
“Radically”)
CARBON STORAGE:
Ocean Sequestration
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Ocean storage depends on depth of injection
Vertical Injection
Inclined pipeline
Dry ice/solid CO2 option
Pipe towed by ship
Gas Life Advanced Dissolution (GLAD) method
Hydrate option
Emulsion option
Information: (Anna, 2002)
CARBON STORAGE:
Geological Sequestration
Image: Options for Storing CO2 in Deep Underground Geological
Formations (IPCC)
FUTURE TECHNOLOGIES:
Reduction into Useful Fuels
 Brookhaven National Laboratory
 CO2 + Solar Energy > Hydrocarbons?
Reduction into Formic Acid
 University of Leeds in England
 CO2 [+ Hydrogen] > Formic Acid?
Information: (Ritter, 2007)
Conclusions
 Carbon Capture Conclusions
 Carbon Storage Conclusions
 Future Technology Goals
THANK YOU FOR LISTENING!
Works Cited
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Anna, David. “New Projects to Explore ‘Breakthrough’ Ideas for Capturing, Storing
Carbon Gases.” National Energy Technology Laboratory News Release 6 Mar.
2002. 30 Oct. 2007
<http://www.netl.doe.gov/publications/press/2002/tl_sequestration_baa2002.html>.
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. IPCC Special Report on Carbon
Dioxide Capture and Storage. 30 Oct. 2007
<http://www.ipcc.ch/activity/srccs/index.htm>.
Khoo, Hsien H., and Reginald B. H. Tan. “Life Cycle Investigation of CO2 Recovery
and Sequestration.” Environmental Science & Technology 40.12 (May 2006): 40164024. American Chemical Society. 30 Oct. 2007 <http://pubs.acs.org/cgibin/abstract.cgi/esthag/2006/40/i12/abs/es051882a.html>.
Ritter, Stephen K. “What Can We Do With CO2?” Chemical & Engineering News
85.18 (Apr. 2007): 11-17.
U. S. Department of Energy. National Energy Technology Laboratory. Radically
New Adsorption Cycles for Carbon Dioxide Sequestration. By James A. Ritter. 30
Oct. 2007 <http://www.netl.doe.gov/publications/proceedings/04/UCRHBCU/presentations/Ritter_P.pdf>.
U.S. Department of Energy. National Energy Technology Laboratory. Scrubbing
CO2 from Power Plant Flue Gas Using Monoethanolamine (MEA). By Damon
Benedict and Curt M. White. DOE Office of Fossil Energy. DOE Office of Energy
Efficiency & Renewable Energy. 30 Oct. 2007
<http://www.netl.dow.gov/newsroom/backgrounder/mb-0002.html>.
XU, Zhikang, et al. Separation and Fixation of Carbon Dioxide Using Polymeric
Membrane Contactor. Natural Science Foundation of China. Institue of Polymer
Science, Zhejiang University. 30 Oct. 2007
<http://www.netl.doe.gov/publications/proceedings/01/carbon_seq/p56.pdf>.