-Fixes, -Nyms,-Phones, and
-Graphs,
Letter Groups
Homos – Greek meaning for
similar or alike
Fixus – Latin meaning for to fasten
Phone – Greek for voice or sound
Graphon – Greek for something
written
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Prefixes are added to the beginning of a
base word. They change the meaning of the
base word.
Un + happy = unhappy
Re + do = redo
Prefixes
• The prefix re
means again.
–Reread means
to read again.
–Rewrite means
to write again.
What does reheat
mean?
• The prefix un
means not or the
opposite of.
– Uncomfortable
means not
comfortable.
– Unpack means
the opposite of
pack.
– What does
unclear mean?
Prefixes
Add a prefix to the beginning of each word to make a new
word. Draw a line form the word to its meaning.
•
•
•
•
•
____do
____happy
____clear
____read
____pack
•
•
•
•
•
The opposite of pack
Do again
Opposite of clear
Read again
Not happy
• The suffix ly means
• The suffix ful means
in a certain way.
full of.
– Quickly means in
– Colorful means
a quick way.
full of color.
– Loudly means in a
– Playful means full
loud way.
of play.
– What does
– What does
suddenly mean?
thankful mean?
Suffixes
Add a suffix to the end of each base word. Draw a
line to its new meaning.
•
•
•
•
•
Loud____
Color____
Wonder____
Sudden_____
Play____
•
•
•
•
•
In a loud way
Full of play
Full of wonder
In a sudden way
Full of color
Homonyms
• Homonyms are different words that are
pronounced the same:
– Tale – tail
– To – two – too
• They may or may not have different spelling.
• Homonyms create ambiguity:
– I’ll meet you by the bank, in front of the automated
teller machine.
– I’ll meet you by the bank. We can go fishing.
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Homographs
• Homographs are words that are spelled the
same but have different meanings:
–
–
–
–
Dove – the bird
Dove – the past tense of dive
Bear – the verb
Bear – the animal
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Homophones
• Homophones are words that sound alike but
they have different meanings and different
spellings.
Won and One
There, They’re Their
Too, Two, and To
Homophones
See
Sea
Meet
Meat
Homophones
Blue
Blew
Pair
Pear
Homographs
• Homographs are words that may or may not sound
alike but have the same spelling but a different
meaning.
Read and Read
Tire and Tire
Tone and Tone
Homographs
Bow
Bow
Scale
Scale
Homographs
Tear
Tear
Row
Row
Which ones are
homophones?
Hear
Toe
Pit
New
Bear
Can
Saw
Right
Which ones are
homographs?
Hear
Toe
Pit
New
Bear
Can
Saw
Right
Synonyms
• Words that sound different but have the
same (or almost the same) meaning are
synonyms.
– Apathetic, phlegmatic, passive, sluggish,
indifferent
– Sofa, couch
• Degree of similarity depends on number of
semantic properties that two words share
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Formation of antonyms
•
•
•
•
•
UnNonInDisMis-
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Antonyms
• Words that are opposite in meaning are
antonyms
– Beautiful – ugly (=not beautiful)
– Big – small, hot – cold
• Gradable properties
– Tiny, small, medium, large, huge, gigantic
– “not tiny” doesn’t mean “gigantic”.
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