CHAPTER 14
THADDEUS STEVENS
Leading Radical
Republican in
Congress during
Reconstruction;
From PA
VP from Tenn.; Pres. after Lincoln’s Death;
Restoration plan & Impeachment
EDWIN STANTON
SECRETARY OF
WAR SUSPENDED
& REMOVED BY
ANDREW
JOHNSON
Civil War Hero; Republican
President elected 1868 & 1872
HIRAM REVELS
1st AFRICANAMERICAN
SENATOR;
MINISTER FROM
MISSISSIPPI;;
UNION ARMY
CHAPLAIN
HORACE GREELEY
NY NEWSPAPER
EDITOR; 1872
DEMOCRATIC
PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE
th
13
Amendment
1865—
Abolished
Slavery in the
United States
th
14
Amendment
1868—granted full citizenship to those born in
the US; required states to grant citizens equal
protection of the laws; most cited
Amendment in the Supreme Court
th
15
Amendment
1870—prohibited the
state & federal
governments from
denying the right to
vote to any male
citizen because of
“race, color, or
previous condition of
servitude”
PLANS TO RECONSTRUCT
Lincoln’s 10% Plan—Dec. 1863;
10% swear loyalty; ban slavery;
amnesty
Wade-Davis Bill—July 1864—50%
swear loyalty, ban slavery, no
Confederates can hold office; only
those who swore they didn’t fight
Union could vote
JOHNSON “RESTORATION”
May 1865—
Most Southerners granted
amnesty once swore loyalty;
Confederates officials &
landowners could be
pardoned by the Pres;
Only loyal could vote;
Must ratify 13th Amendment
FREEDMEN’S BUREAU
1865—government agency set up to
help freedmen;
Distributed food, clothing, medicine;
set up schools & gave aid to new
African-American colleges;
Helped people acquire land & work;
Set up courts to protect freedmen’s
rights
BLACK CODES
Permitted plantation
owners to exploit
freedmen workers &
allowed officials to arrest
& fine jobless freedmen;
banned freedmen from
owning or renting farms;
KLU KLUX KLAN
Secret society that used fear & violence to
deprive African Americas of their rights &
advocate white supremacy
JOHNSON’S IMPEACHMENT
Johnson violated the Tenure of
Office Act by suspending Sec. of
War-Stanton without Senate
approval the House voted to
impeach Johnson for
misconduct  the trial in the
Senate must have 2/3 vote for
conviction  Johnson survived
impeachment by 1 vote 35-19;
JOHNSON’S IMPEACHMENT
Many believed impeachment was politically
motivated & that Pres. Shouldn’t be removed
due to political differences
Reconstruction Act of 1867
South divided into 5 military districts &
placed under authority of military
commander; freedmen get right to
vote in state elections; prevented
former Confederate leaders from
holding office; to rejoin states had to
ratify the 14th Amendment
SOUTH REGAINS CONTROL
Northerners lost interest in
Reconstruction—South should solve its
own problems; Radical leaders faded
away; corruption in Grant’s
administration; South protested
“bayonet rule”; Amnesty Act of 1872—
nearly all white Southerners can vote &
hold office again
GRANT (REP) DEFEATS SEYMOUR (DEM)
GRANT (REP) DEFEATS GREELEY (DEM)
HAYES (REP) DEFEATS TILDEN (DEM)