Michael- Document 13.1: Reflections, by Emperor Kangxi (1671-1722)
Summary: Emperor Kangxi conveys the challenges of being Emperor, both real and
mental. He expresses his guilt by claiming that nothing is worse that “giving the final verdict on
the death sentences sent to [him] for ratification.” The emperor also shows disgust in pure
scholars, or ju who are biased in political recommendation for friends and family, as well as
other corrupt officials, including those conducting exams. Kangxi also is displeased with the way
the exams are being conduct, claiming China is losing talent.
Connections: Emperor Kangxi is the ruler of a new Chinese dynasty, called the Qing.
He greatly expanded Chinese territory into what it is today, and strengthened bureaucracy,
creating a stronger imperial state.
Sam- Document 13.2: Memoirs, by Emperor Jahangir (1605-1627)
Summary: The Emperor Jahangir recalls his memories of when we became Emperor
and the edicts in which he issued, soon after his placement on the throne. Also, he followed the
tradition of previous Mughal emperors, however departed the old Mughal traditions in ratifying,
based on his own self reflections art, politics, family life and other new ideas.
Connections: Emperor Jahangir was the ruler of the Mughal state in India. He kept to
many old traditions of Islam, but also “created” new traditions based on what he thought.
Tolerance for Hindu peoples.
Deborah- Document 13.3:The Turkish Letters, by Ogier Ghiselin De
Busbecq(1555-1562)
Summary: Ogier, a Flemish noble acting as a diplomat for the Austrian Empire describes
his visit to the Ottoman court. He mentions the military power, like the Janissaries or troopers
and cultural differences such as the good treatment to those regardless of rank or wealth. He
also greatly admires the luxury, cavalries, and soldiers. He compares the empires, and admits
that the Ottoman Empire is at a greater state than Austria, but he also talks of the brutality for
the rights of the throne. “Terror of the Turks”
Connection: The Ottoman has reached his pinnacle “Golden Age” as the most powerful
Turkish state. Shows the rivalry between empires over expansions.
Savannah- Document 13.4: Memoirs, by Louis XIV (1670)
Summary: King Louis the 14th, a French King, talks about why he should rule other
lands and how he would make a great emperor for all. He is the “Sun King”. He states that he
has a great relationship with all the people, common or higher socially, he believes that is the
representation of Prince Rules, and that he “doubtless” capable of governing other empires.
Connections: While Asia and the Middle East where expanding regionally, so was
Europe. Shows an example of Europe’s “state-building effort”.