Transcription and Translation
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Standard(s):
• SC.912.L.16.5 Explain the basic processes of
transcription and translation, and how they result
in the expression of genes.
Learning objectives:
• Students will compare and contrast the processes
of transcription and translation.
• Students will model how transcription and
translation lead to the expression of genes.
DNA
RNA
transcription
translation
Amino acid
Protein
Codon/ anticodon
Guiding question:
How are proteins made
according to the code in DNA?
cell
chromosome
nucleus
DNA
gene
Transcription
Transcription in a nutshell
Occurs inside the nucleus
Specific gene is copied into mRNA
One mRNA codes a single protein
End result is the code for a single protein
Translation
Codon
mRNA codon chart
Alanine : Ala
Arganine: Arg
Asparagine: Asn
Aspartic acid: Asp
Cysteine: Cys
Glutamic acid: Glu
Glutamine: Gln
Glycine: Gly
Histidine: Hist
Isoleucine: Ile
Leucine: Leu
Lysine:Lys
Methionine: Met
Phenylalanine:Phe
Proline:Pro
Serine: Ser
Threonine: Thr
Tryptophan: Trp
Tyrosine:Tyr
Valine:Val
START: Met
Translation in a nutshell
Occurs in the cytoplasm
Requires a ribosome
 Ribosomal complex: ribosome + mRNA+ tRNA
mRNA contains code for specific tRNA
Different tRNA’s bring different
amino acids to the ribosome
End result is a protein
NUCLEUS
CYTOPLASM
(ribosome)
How do you go from DNA
to the color of your eyes?
3 genes
code for eye color
Transcription and
translation
Enzyme (protein)
That controls levels of
melanin
Summarizing
I used to think … but now I know:
Each student will answer:
I used to think the color of the eyes
came from…….. But now I know…….
 share with shoulder partner
and the class