Chapter 3

Exploration and
Settlement by France,
Holland, and Spain
◦ Dynamics
 Desire for spices
 Break Italian monopoly
 Renaissance
◦ Spain
 Explorers
 Columbus, Cortes, Coronado
etc.
 Three G’s
 Negative impact on natives
◦ France
 Explorers
 Overlap of settlements
 Peaceful coexistence
◦ Dutch
 Henry Hudson
 Colony in New York

Types of Colonies
◦ Corporate
 Jamestown
 Joint-stock companies
 investments
◦ Royal
 VA 1624
 Direct rule by King
◦ Proprietary
 MD, PA
 Gifts given to
individuals by King

Every colony has to
have a CHARTER
from King
◦ Aka permission


1607
Founder

◦ Virginia Company of London

Purpose

Type
◦ Elected assembly 1619
◦ House of Burgesses

*assembly returns for tax under Charles
I
1628: bi-cameral

Basic unit of government

◦ Wealth, Northwest Passage
◦ Corporate
◦ Joint-stock companies
◦ Royal Colony in 1624
Government
◦ County-court system

Economy
◦ Tobacco Plantations


50 year depression
Workers
◦ 1st White indentured workers

90% of population for the Chesapeake

Slavery a racial status in 1670
◦ Soon slaves

Special Characteristics
◦ Followed Anglican church
◦ More men than women
◦ Later big gap between rich planters
and poor farmers = bacon’s
rebellion



1620
Founder
◦
Puritans
◦
Escape religious persecution
Type
◦
◦
◦
◦
General Court

Towns send 2 delegates

Town meetings
Local government


Plymouth: separatists
MBS: puritans, “City Upon a Hill”
Corporate
Joint-Stock Companies
Royal Colony in 1691
Government
◦
Purpose





◦
NO separation of church and state
◦
◦
◦
◦
Not suited for farming
Lumber, fish, furs
Subsistence
Vibrant merchant class
Economy



Local administration
Determine qualifications for voting, holding
office
BIG problem for Puritans
Workers
◦
◦
◦
Some indentured servants
Mainly family members
Few to NO slaves
◦
Dissenters- NO tolerance
Characteristics

◦
Roger Williams, Anne Hutchinson, Thomas
Hooker
Dominated by Puritan influence


Creation of Public Education
Harvard – train ministers



1626
Founder
◦ Dutch
◦ Originally called
New Netherland

Government

Economy
◦
◦
◦
◦
Purpose
◦ Trade
 New

Type
◦ For Dutch: Jointstock companies
(Dutch West India
Company)
◦ 1664-
 Taken by English
 “bloodless battle”
 King wants new way
to raise revenue
through rent and
taxes
◦ Royal Colony 1685
◦ Continually changed
Trade
Small-scale industry
Some agriculture
Vibrant merchant class
 Sets up future issues with
mercantilism

Workers

Characteristics
◦ Indentured servants
◦ Families
◦ Few slaves
◦ First multi-ethnic colony
 8 languages spoken
◦ New Amsterdam (NYC)
becomes major trading
port
◦ Influence of Swedish
introduces log cabin


1633
Founder
◦ Cecil Calvert
 Aka Lord Baltimore

Purpose
◦ Catholic haven


◦ Assembly (Royal influence)

Economy
◦ Tobacco

Workers
◦ Indentured servants
◦ Slaves
Type
◦ Proprietary
◦ 1st one awarded
◦ NEVER becomes Royal
Colony
Government
 Slavery recognized in as a
status in 1661

Special Characteristics
◦ Religious issues
◦ More Protestant farmers that
Catholic planters
◦ Act of religious toleration
1649





Government

Economy
◦ Roger Williams

Workers
◦ Persecuted by MBC for
belief in separation of
church and state

Characteristics
1636
Founder
Purpose
Type
◦ Proprietary charter given
in 1664
◦ NEVER becomes Royal
Colony
◦ Royal influenced
◦ Usually independent
◦ Agriculture dominant
◦ Small farms
◦ Modest in scope
◦ Indentured servants
◦ Families
◦ Few slaves
◦ Wanted religious freedom
and tolerance


1636
Founder

◦ Wrote 1st constitution in History
(1639)
◦ Representative government
with legislature
◦ Rev. Thomas Hooker

Purpose
◦ Religious toleration
◦ Left Mass.

Type
◦ Proprietary Charter 1662
◦ NEVER becomes Royal
colony
Government
 Popular vote
 Governor chosen by legislature

Economy
◦ Self-sufficient
◦ Agriculture/ fishing

Workers
◦ farmers

Characteristics
◦ Future site of Pequot War

1638

Founder

Purpose

Type
◦ 1702 granted from William Penn

Government

Economy

Workers

Characteristics
◦ Peter Minut
◦ New Sweden
◦ Support Swedish trade
◦ Proprietary
Became part of New York with “bloodless
battle” against Dutch
◦ Granted to William Penn in 1681 as
part of his Proprietary
◦ NEVER a Royal colony
◦ Penn had a very hard time governing
Delaware because the economy and
geology was largely the same as that
of the Chesapeake. He attempted to
merge the governments of
Pennsylvania and the lower counties
of Delaware. Representatives from
both areas clashed heavily and in
1701 Penn agreed in having two
separate assemblies.
◦ trade
◦ Traders
◦ Indentured servants
◦ Delaware, like Philadelphia and
unlike Maryland, continued to be a
melting pot of sorts and was home
to Swedes, Finns, Dutch, French, in
addition to the English who
constituted the dominant culture.

Government

1638
Founder

Purpose

Economy

Workers

Characteristics


◦ John Wheelwright
◦ People from
Hampshire,
England
◦ Profit from
fisheries
Type
◦ Proprietary first
◦ Royal 1668
 Created by King to
take control away
from Mass.
◦ Royal Colony 1679
◦ Early period:
lack of
government
◦ Protected by
MBC
◦ Fishing, lumber
◦ Self-sufficient
◦ Pretty boring

1653

Government

Economy
◦ Proprietary
◦ Land given to 8 nobles

Workers
◦ Royal Colony 1729

Characteristics
◦ Carolina’s divided in
1712

Founder

Purpose

Type
◦ Proprietors
◦ Sell land, make profit
 Included South Carolina
◦ King appointed Governor
◦
◦
◦
◦
Tobacco, Rice, Indigo
Some plantations
More self-sufficient farms
*compatible with
Mercantilism
◦ Indentured servants
◦ Some slaves
◦ More self-sufficient farms
than S. Carolina
◦ Followed Anglican church




1663
Founder
◦ Part of Carolina 8 Nobles
Purpose

Government

Economy
◦ Rice, Indigo
 Plantations dominate
◦ To make profit through trade
and selling land
Type
◦ King appointed Governor
◦ *works well with mercantilism

◦ Proprietary
◦ Royal Colony 1729
Workers
◦ Native first
◦ Slaves
 By 1750 = 61% of population

Characteristics
◦ Develops Rice crop
 Leads to massive increase in
Slavery
◦ Followed Anglican church
◦ Lots of interaction with natives
 Yamessee
 Queen Anne’s War

Government
◦ Proprietor appt. Governor 1st
◦ King appointed Governor

◦ trade
Settled 1610s
Founder


Purpose


Type


◦ Proprietary
◦ proprietary colony
in 1664
◦ Royal colony in
1702
Workers
◦ Indentured servants
◦ Self-sufficient
◦ traders
◦ Lord Berkeley
◦ Dutch settlers
◦ Part of New
Netherlands
Economy
Characteristics
◦ To attract settlers promised
religious freedom


1682
Founder
◦ William Penn

Purpose

Type

Government

Economy
◦
◦
◦
◦
◦ “Holy Experiment”
◦ Quakers
◦ Proprietary
◦ NEVER a Royal Colony
◦ King appointed Governor
Some small-scale industry
agriculture
Trade centers
Vibrant merchant class
 *not compatible with mercantilism

Workers

Characteristics
◦ Indentured servants
◦ Families
◦ Few to NO slaves
◦ Haven for Quakers (Society of
Friends)
◦ Committed to non-violence and
social justice
◦ Good relations with natives
◦ Philadelphia “city of brotherly
love”
 Cultural center

1732
Founder

Purpose

Type

◦ James Oglethorpe
◦ Help people avoid English
debtor’s prisons
◦ Haven for Protestants
◦ Royal Charter
◦ Royal Colony in 1752

Government

Economy

Workers

Characteristics
◦ Royal appt. governor
◦ Eventually plantations
◦ Indentured workers
◦ Slaves (eventually)
◦ Felons
◦ Oglethorpe had strict rules like no
alcohol
◦ Allowed only to be a buffer state
and free over-crowded prisons