The Cold War:
Super Powers Face Off
How does the Cold War begin?
Cold War Begins: Eastern Europe
• 1945: Despite promising free elections, Stalin installs communist
govts in “satellite states” throughout Eastern Europe
• The satellite states are known as the Eastern Bloc, and are all under
the Soviet Sphere of Influence
• Countries include:
1. Poland
2. Czechoslovakia
3. Hungary
4. Romania
5. Bulgaria
6. Albania (until 1960)
7. Yugoslavia (until ’48)
8. E. Germany (1949)
• Even though Yugoslavia is Communist, by 1948 their leader Josip Tito
splits with Stalin & are no longer in Eastern Bloc
• 1946: Truman tells Stalin he has violated the Yalta Agreement
• In a speech Stalin states “Communism & Capitalism cannot coexist”
•At a Missouri speech, Churchill describes
an “Iron Curtain” that divides Europe
US Containment Policy
•US Diplomat George Kennan writes an
article stating how the US must “contain”
the spread of Communism
•President Truman adopts the
“containment” foreign policy
•Truman Doctrine= US will support those who reject Communism,
starts in Greece & Turkey
=
•Marshall Plan = US will give money to noncommunist or non E. Bloc countries
The Marshall Plan (Page 534)
1. What three countries get the most aid from the Marshall Plan?
2. Which “Communist” country gets money?
3. Will the Marshall plan make the Cold War worse? Why/ why
not? Use the political cartoon to help decide.
33
29
Yugoslavia
Iceland
119
Sweden
51
146
Ireland
Portugal
153
237
Norway
Country
Turkey
257
Greece
France
0
Holland
500
Denmark
547
Belgium
515
561
Millions
Austria
1000
877
1279
W. Germany
1500
1316
2000
Italy
2445
2500
Britain
Millions of Dollars
3000
2826
The Marshall Plan
US Cold War Foreign Policy Cartoon
Communism
1. Identify objects & actions in the cartoon.
2. Identify symbols in the cartoon.
3. What point is the cartoonist making about US Cold War policy?
The United Nations (UN)
• United Nations formed in June 1945 to replace League of Nations
• First body of UN: General Assembly, deals with world issues, all
member nations get a vote
• Second body of UN: Security Council, has power to use armed forces
if needed, 11members vote (5 permanent, 6 rotate)
• Permanent members have veto power
(US, Britain, Soviet Union, France, Rep of
China)
• US donates land in NYC for UN