For this presentation you will
need the following:
1. one pen or pencil
2. one colored pencil or marker
All images courtesy of
www.cellsalive.com
 The
Cell Theory arose after hundreds of
years of observation, and many scientists.
A few key scientists involved in the cell
theory are Hooke, Schleiden, Schwann
and Virchow.
Robert Hooke- The first
scientist to describe what he
saw as “cells” when viewing
samples of cork under the
microscope in 1665.
Nearly 200 years later, Matthias
Schleiden viewed living plant
specimens under the microscope and
discovered they were made up of cells.
Around the same time as Schleiden,
Theodor Schwann viewed nonliving
animal parts under a microscope and
realized that they, too were made up of
cells.
Finally, Rudolf Virchow witnessed
cell division under the microscope
and learned that all cells arise from
preexisting cells.
The findings of these scientists, among others,
lead to the cell theory, which states:
 Defined
by having a
nucleus.
 Defined by having
complex organelles.
 Plant and animal cells.
 Defined
by NOT having
a nucleus
 Bacteria cells.
Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
contain:
 DNA
 A cell membrane (protects cell and
allows things in and out of the cell).
 Ribosomes (protein making factories).
 Cytoplasm (water-based substance
inside the cell).
These are typically the only similarities between
the two different types of cells.
Eukaryotic cells contain organelles, a word
that literally means “little organ”.
Organelles have specific
functions that they employ
throughout the cell.
There are approximately a dozen different
organelles!
What is it?
a large, central membrane-bound organelle which
contains D.N.A.
Where is it found?
All eukaryotic cells!
(BOTH plant and
animal cells
have a nucleus).
What does it do?
Protects the DNA!
What is it?
A porous membrane that
encases the nucleus. These
“nuclear pores” allow
certain substances to pass
into and out of the nucleus.
Where is it found?
In all eukaryotic cells;
BOTH plant and animal.
What does it do?
The nuclear envelope protects the nucleus.
What is it?
A structure contained
within the nucleus.
Where is it found?
Inside the nucleus
of eukaryotic cells.
What does it do?
It is responsible for making ribosomes.
What is it?
A tunnel-like
network
of membranes.
Where is it found?
Connected to the nucleus and branching out
into the cytoplasm of all eukaryotic cells.
What does it do?
Transfers substances within the cell, as well as many
different chemical reactions including protein
modification and distribution. ER is like the
highway system of the cell!
T
W
O
T
Y
P
E
S
Smooth E.R.
(free of ribosomes)
Rough E.R.
(contains ribosomes)
What is it?
A membrane-bound
organelle, which
processes and
packages proteins.
Where is it found?
The cytoplasm of
all eukaryotic cells.
What does it do?
Acts like a post office by packaging
proteins in vesicles and delivering them
to other parts of the cell.
Vesicles containing
proteins exit the
Golgi body and are
sent to parts of the
cell that need them.
What are they?
Vesicles that
contain powerful
digestive enzymes.
Where are they found?
In all eukaryotic cells.
What do they do?
Break down old cell parts and fight off invading bacteria.
*Peroxisomes are identical to lysosomes, except they contain
hydrogen peroxide.
What is it?
A unique, double
membrane-bound
organelle, which
contains its
own DNA.
Where is it found?
All eukaryotic cells.
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What does it do?
Generates A.T.P. (cellular energy)
Mitochondria have
two membranes; an
inner and an outer.
Unique because
these organelles
have their own DNA
(known as Eve’s
DNA).
Vacuoles differ among plant and animal cells.
PLANT CELLS
ANIMAL CELLS
There is ONE, LARGE central
vacuole.
The central vacuole of plants
stores water and nutrients, and
also aids in cellular digestion.
There are multiple, small vacuoles.
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The vacuoles of animal cells do not store
water or nutrients, but rather waste as they
aid in cellular digestion.
What are they?
Small membrane bound sacs.
Where are they found?
Eukaryotic Cells
What do they do?
Transport various items around the cell.
Cytoskeleton: A network of protein fibers which
help the organelles and cell move, and assist
in cell division. The cytoskeleton maintains cell
shape, as the name implies.
The main components of the cytoskeleton:
-microtubules
-actin filaments
(or microfilaments)
-intermediate fibers
What are they?
Small tubular structures
made up of protein filaments;
part of the cytoskeleton.
Where are they found?
All eukaryotic cells.
What do they do?
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Help move proteins and vesicles
throughout the cell.
What are they?
Nine triplets of microtubules.
Where are they found?
IN ANIMAL CELLS ONLY!
What do they do?
Assist during nuclear division.
What are they?
Membrane-bound organelles that
contain light-absorbing
pigments.
Where are they found?
PLANT cells only!
What do they do?
Harvest energy from the
sun for photosynthesis.
What is it?
A structure consisting of cellulose that surrounds
the cell membrane.
Where is it found?
Within eukaryotes the cell
wall is ONLY found in plant
cells, however all prokaryotes also have a cell wall.
What does it do?
Protects the cell and maintains homeostasis.
©
2010 www.biology-roots.com (Vanessa
Jason)
 For single classroom use only.
 Not to be publicly or electronically
displayed.
 Images used WITH permission
www.cells-alive.com