Name ________________________________________
STAAR Review
Organisms and
the Environment
Force and Motion
Matter and Energy
Earth and Space
Obj 1: Scientific Investigation
Identifying Variables
A variable is something that can vary or change. The independent variable is the
variable changed or varied by the experimenter. The dependent variable changes
because of what you did to the independent variable. It is what you measure.
The control group is the member of the “test subjects” that is not tested. It is
there so you have something to compare your results to. The constants are all the
other variables which are kept consistent to make the experiment valid.
Identify the variables needed for the following hypothesis…
1. The time it takes to run a kilometer depends on the amount of exercise a person
gets.
ind. variable = _____________________ control= _______________________
dep. variable =____________________ constants= ______________________
______________________
2. The higher the temperature of water, the faster an egg will cook.
ind. variable = _____________________ control= _______________________
dep. variable =____________________ constants= ______________________
______________________
3. An investigation was done to see if keeping the light on for different amounts of
time each day affected the number of eggs chickens laid.
ind. variable = _____________________ control= _______________________
dep. variable =____________________ constants= ______________________
______________________
4. The temperature of water was measured at different depths of a lake.
ind. variable = _____________________ control= _______________________
dep. variable =____________________ constants= ______________________
______________________
2
5. Grass will grow taller if it is fertilized.
ind. variable = _____________________ control= _______________________
dep. variable =____________________ constants= ______________________
______________________
6. The amount of pollution produced by cars was measured for cars using gasoline
containing different amounts of lead.
ind. variable = _____________________ control= _______________________
dep. variable =____________________ constants= ______________________
______________________
7. Lemon trees receiving the most water produce the largest lemons.
ind. variable = _____________________ control= _______________________
dep. variable =____________________ constants= ______________________
______________________
8. The amount of algae growth in lakes seems to be directly related to the number
of bags of phosphate fertilizer sold by the local merchants.
ind. variable = _____________________ control= _______________________
dep. variable =____________________ constants= ______________________
______________________
9. An investigation was performed to see if corn seeds would sprout at different
times depending on the temperature of the water in which they were placed.
ind. variable = _____________________ control= _______________________
dep. variable =____________________ constants= ______________________
______________________
10. More bushels of potatoes will be produced if the soil is fertilized more.
ind. variable = _____________________ control= _______________________
dep. variable =____________________ constants= ______________________
______________________
11. An experiment was done with six groups of children to see if scores on their
weekly spelling tests were affected by the number of minutes of spelling practice
they had each day.
ind. variable = _____________________ control= _______________________
dep. variable =____________________ constants= ______________________
______________________
3
Obj. 1, Part II
17. A student set up the experiment shown below to determine if radish seeds take in oxygen
as they germinate. Methylene blue is a chemical that is blue when oxygen is present, but is
colorless when oxygen is not present. Containers A and B each contained 200 mL of water and
10 drops of methylene blue. Ten radish seeds were added to container A. Container B had no
radish seeds.
The purpose of container B in this experiment is to
A serve as the control container
B serve as the experimental container
C show that seeds do not give off oxygen
D show that seeds do not give off carbon dioxide
18. A group of students placed the same species of a water plant in five identical test tubes. The
test tubes were filled with water and placed at different distances from a light source. After a
few minutes, bubbles began to appear in the test tubes, indicating that photosynthesis was
occurring. The students counted and recorded the number of bubbles per minute that
appeared in each of the test tubes. The results are shown in the data table below.
Predict the number of bubbles per minute that would appear if a test tube were placed 80 cm
from the light source.
_____________ bubbles per minute
4
19. Based on the graph, predict the month in 2007 when the concentration of atmospheric
carbon dioxide would have been highest.
__________________________________________________
20. The general trend in the graph shows an increase in atmospheric CO2 .
Describe one human activity that may have produced this increase.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
21. The average daily air temperature at a certain location increases when there is a seasonal
increase in the number of daylight hours. Which graph best shows this change?
5
22. How many grams of the solid solute will dissolve in 100 grams of water at 25°C?
_____________ g
23. Describe the relationship between water temperature and the solubility of the gaseous
solute from 0°C to 15°C.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
24. State one way to increase the rate at which a solid solute dissolves in 100 grams of water.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
25.
6
26. An experiment is being done to determine how light affects the growth of 3 different types
of pea plants. Peas of each type are planted in several cups, and the cups are labeled X, Y, or Z
to show the type of pea planted in each. Some cups are set in each of 3 locations to receive
different amounts of light. Which of the following best shows how the plants should be
arranged for the experiment?
27.
An engineer measured how much energy a new type of wind turbine generated in locations
with different wind speeds. A graph of the results is shown above. What is the best inference
about operating the wind turbine at a location with wind speeds ranging from 0 to 8 km/h?
A
B
C
D
The turbine can reduce a household’s electricity bill.
The air is too dense to turn the rotor blades of the turbine.
The wind moves too slowly to generate enough energy.
Air pollution can be eliminated by using the turbine.
7
Base your answers to questions 28 and 29 on the graph below and on your knowledge of
science. The graph shows the avg. monthly air temperatures for three different locations, A, B,
and C.
28. Which location experiences the least change in average monthly air temperature between
its warmest and coldest months?
(1) A
(2) B
(3) C
29. Where is location C most likely located?
(1) Southern Hemisphere
(2) New York State
(3) equator
(4) North Pole
30. The contour map below shows a hill. Two elevations are labeled. Place an X on the map
where an elevation of 430 feet could be located.
8
31.
Base your answers to questions 32 and 33 on the passage below and on your knowledge of
science.
A student wondered if different types of plants would produce different amounts of oxygen. A
pea plan, a fern, and a cactus were growing in equal-sized containers with equal amounts of
soil. The student measured the amount of oxygen produced by each.
32. State one possible hypothesis for this experiment.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
33. Identify two conditions, other than the size of container and the amount of soil, that should
be held constant in this experiment.
1.______________________________
2. ______________________________
9
Microhabitat Comparison
Type of Microhabitats
Tree Microhabitat
Pond Microhabitat
Biotic Factors
Abiotic Factors
Why do different microhabitats support different types of organisms?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Biome Sort
1. What characteristics of a biome determine the number and types of organisms
supported within the biome?
2. Why are some types of organisms located only in specific biomes and ecosystems?
3. Why are some organisms found in more than one biome?
10
– Characteristics of Ecosystems
Guiding Questions
1. How does a microhabitat, such as a tree provide resources to a variety of organisms?
2. How is a microhabitat similar to a biome?
3. How does biodiversity contribute to the sustainability of an ecosystem?
4. How do organisms compete for and depend on abiotic and biotic factors in an
ecosystem?
Abiotic -
Vocabulary
Biotic -
Biodiversity -
Biome -
Symbiosis -
Microhabitat -
Niche -
Sustainability -
Questions I still have:
Important things to remember from today:
11
Freshwater Organisms
Crayfish
Fish
Frog
Insect
Phytoplankton
Snail
Turtle
Water lily
Zooplankton
Terrestrial Organisms
Bird
Cougar
Deer
Fox
Insect
Mouse
Oak trees
Owl
Shrubs, bushes
Skunk
1. How is a predator-prey relationship represented in a food web?
12
Prey
Predator
Carnivore
Omnivore
Herbivore
Consumer
Organism
Producer
Food Chains/Webs – Who’s Who
SUCCESSION
Fill in the blanks with the correct order of succession. Some phrases may be
used more than once.
*Rocky ground, after a volcanic eruption, or after a glacier melts to expose rock
underneath
*small shrubs grow
*grasses and weeds grow
*oaks, pine, and hickory start to grow
*climax community
*Wind, rain and animals carry seeds in and lichens start to grow
*Disturbance in the ecosystem such as clearing a forest for farmland, or after a
flood/fire
*Lichens and mosses form soil when they die
*pine seedlinds and other plants grow
Primary Succession
13
Secondary Succession
1. Which type of succession takes the longest?
2. What is the key difference between primary and secondary succession?
14
Classifying Sharks using a Dichotomous Key
A classification system is a way of separating a large group of closely related organisms
into smaller subgroups. With such a system, identification of an organism is easy. The
scientific names of organisms are based on the classification systems of living
organisms.
To classify an organism, scientists often use a dichotomous key. A dichotomous key
is a listing of specific characteristics, such as structure and behavior, in such a way that
an organism can be identified through a process of elimination.
In this investigation, it is expected that you:
1) Use a key to identify 14 shark families.
2) Study the method used in phrasing statements in a key.
Procedure
1. Read sentences 1A and 1B of the key. Then study shark 1 in figure A for the
characteristics referred to in 1A and 1B. Follow the directions in these sentences
and continue with this process until a family name for Shark 1 is determined.
For example, if the shark has an anal fin, and its body is not kite shaped,
following the directions of 1A and go directly to sentence 2. If the shark lacks
and anal fin or has a kite shaped body, follow the directions of 1B and go to
sentence 10.
2. Continue this process with each shark until all animals have been identified.
Write the family name on the line below each animal.
3. Use figure 1 as a guide to the anatomical features used in the key.
Figure 1 – Anatomy of a Shark
15
Key to Shark Identification
16
17
18
Cells Parts and Functions
Cell Membrane: controls movement of materials into and out of the cell
Vacuole: storage compartment for water and other substances
Mitochondria: releases the chemical energy from food
Chloroplast: produces food for the plant cell by photosynthesis
Nucleus: controls activities of the cell and contains DNA
Cytoplasm: fills the cell with a jellylike substance
Cell Wall: provides rigid support for the plant cell
1. What cell parts are common to both plants and animal cells?
2. What cell parts are only found in plant cells?
3. What cell parts control what enters and leaves the cell?
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
19
Kingdoms
Animalia
How energy is
acquired?
Method of
reproduction
Number of cells
Nucleus?
Plantae
Fungi
Kingdoms
Protista
Archaebacteria
Eubacteria
(Extreme conditions)
(Most are decomposers:
some cause disease)
Three’s Company
Organs
Arteries,
Capillaries, and
Veins
Trachea,
Diaphragm,
Bronchial tubes
Skeletal muscle,
Cardiac muscle,
Smooth muscle
Joints, Ligaments,
Cartilage
Esophagus, Gall
Bladder, Rectum &
Anus
Spinal Cord
Urethra, Ureters,
Bladder, Skin
Pancreas, Thyroid,
Pituitary Gland,
Testes, Ovaries,
Uterus, Fallopian
Tubes
Skin, Nails, Hair, &
Sweat Glands
Function
System
Asexual vs. Sexual Reproduction
Sexual
Reproduction
large amount of variation, diversity
uniform offspring
genetic information is found in nucleus
reproduction involves 2 parents which
combine genetic material
type of reproduction that occurs with
fertilization
requires only one parent
binary fission, budding, propagation
can reproduce without a partner
can reduce the change for mutation
offspring differ from the parent and
each other
allows the population to adapt to an ever
changing environment
offspring are identical to parents (clones)
prevents the potential for change
1. What are two advantages of sexual reproduction?
2. What types of organisms reproduce asexually?
3. Compare the offspring of sexual and asexual reproduction.
22
Asexual
Reproduction
Baby Bunny!
Directions: Obtain 2 coins. One person flips once for the male traits and one person flips once
for the female traits passed to the offspring. Heads will represent the dominant trait and tails
represents the recessive trait. Circle the outcomes below…
Chromosome
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Trait
Head Shape
Ear Color
Ear Shape
Ear Size
Eye Color
Nose Shape
Mouth Shape
Whiskers
Sex
Female
A
a
E
e
D
d
F
f
I
i
H
h
G
g
B
b
L
L
Male
A
E
D
F
I
H
G
B
L
Genotype
a
e
d
f
i
h
g
b
l
Bunny Baby Phenotypes Chart
Trait
HH
Hh
hh
Head Shape
Round
Egg shaped
Oval
Ear Color
Ear Shape
Ear Size
Grey
Ears pointed at the
top
Long(5 cm or
more)
Pink
Ears rounded at the
top
Short (less than 3
cm)
Eye Color
Nose Shape
Mouth Shape
Whiskers
Sex
Brown
Upside down
triangle
Smile
Straight
Brown
Ears pointed at the
top
Medium
(more than 3 and
less than 5 cm)
Blue
Upside down
triangle
Smile
Straight
Red
oval on side
Frown
curly
Female, Hair Bow Male, Bow Tie
Use the Baby Bunny Traits chart and your results from Part A to create a sketch of your baby
bunny in the box. Don’t forget to give your baby bunny a name!
My Baby Bunny _______________________________________
23
1. What is the probability that a baby bunny will have a smile? _____out of ____ or ____
%. Hint: create a punnett square.
2. What is the probability that a baby bunny will have curly whiskers? _____out of_____ or
____ % Hint: create a punnett square.
3. Which parent is responsible for determining the sex of your baby bunny?
4. How would the baby bunny change if one of the parents was homozygous dominant for
all the traits while the other was heterozygous? Create a punnett square.
5. How would the baby bunny change if one of the parents was recessive for all the traits
while the other was heterozygous?
24
Human Body, Asexual vs. Sexual Reproduction, and Genetics
Guiding Questions
1. How is structure related to function in human body systems?
2. How do the offspring differ in sexual and asexual reproduction?
3. What controls the inherited traits of individuals?
4. How are dominant and recessive traits passed on to offspring?
Vocabulary
Structure Function -
Homeostasis -
Asexual Reproduction -
Sexual Reproduction –
Allele -
Dominant -
Recessive -
Genotype –
Phenotype -
Questions I still have:
Important things to remember from today:
25
Environmental Changes
1. List three examples of long-term environmental changes.
2. List three examples of short-term environmental changes.
3. Which type of environmental change will most likely change the ecosystem permanently?
Use an example to explain your answer.
4. How can long-term and short-term changes change the genetic make-up of a population?
5. How can a population survive during a long-term environmental change? Explain why this
is helpful.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
26
27
Formula Chart Challenge
Use the formula chart to answer the following questions.
1.
If you exert a force of 30N to push a desk 5 meters, how much
work do you do on the desk?
2. If a muscle man does 120,000 J of work pushing his car 20 meters
down the street, how much Force does he exert?
3. A truck has a mass of 2,000 kg. The driving force created by the
engine is 3,000 N. Calculate the acceleration caused by this
unbalanced force.
4. A 60 kg dog walker is being pulled down the street by the dog she is
walking. The force causes her to accelerate at 2 m/s2. Calculate the
net force that causes this acceleration.
28
5. You are in a car traveling an average speed of 60 km/h. The total trip
is 240 km. How long does the trip take?
6. An airplane travels 600 miles in 2.5 hours. What is the speed of the
plane?
7. 4 cm3 of a mystery substance has a mass of 3.2 grams. What is the
density of the mystery substance?
8. The density of cork is 0.2 grams per cm3. If I have a cork with a
mass of 0.4 grams, what would its volume be?
29
Write the letter of the example above that best matches the energy described below.
____1. Low potential energy and low kinetic energy
____2. Low potential energy and high kinetic energy
____3. High potential energy and high kinetic energy
____4. High potential energy and low kinetic energy
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. What determines the gravitational potential energy of an object?
2. What determines the kinetic energy of an object?
3. Does the kinetic energy of an object depend on the gravitational potential energy
of an object? Use evidence to justify your answer.
30
31
Force, Motion, and Energy
Guiding Questions
1. What factors determine the amount of potential energy in an object?
2. What factors determine the amount of kinetic energy in an object?
3. What are the most common forms of energy?
4. How does the Law of Conservation of Energy relate to energy transformations?
5. How is net force calculated?
6. How are balanced forces different from unbalanced forces?
Gravitational Potential Energy -
Vocabulary
Kinetic Energy -
Law of Conservation of Energy -
Unbalanced Force -
Balanced Force –
Net Force -
Questions I still have:
Important things to remember from today:
32
Word Bank: (one word will be used twice)
Speed
Negative Acceleration
Average Speed
Acceleration
33
Velocity
Positive
1. Which animal has the fastest speed?
2. Which animal travels 5 km in 15 minutes?
3. How far does the hummingbird travel in 60 minutes?
4. How far does the hummingbird travel in 30 minutes?
5. What is the speed in km/hr of the monarch butterfly at 60 minutes?
6. Which of the following statements best describes the velocity of a migrating
Canadian goose?
a. The Canadian goose travels approximately 50km/hr to the south
b. The Canadian goose migrates to the north in the summer and to the south in
the winter
c. The Canadian goose travels 48 km/hr during its yearly migration
d. The Canadian goose travels approximately 15 km/hr faster than migrating
hummingbirds
34
1. Between which two points does the object stop?
2. Between which two points does the object have the greatest speed?
3. Describe and compare the motion of the object between Points A and B to Points B
and C.
4. At which points does the object change directions?
5. Calculate the speed at Point E.
35
Newton’s 1st Law of Motion
Newton’s First
Law of Motion
Is also called
which states
Objects
Objects
in
at rest
motion
until
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
While shopping for cars, it is important to consider their safety features. Three different car
seats with headrests are pictured. Which car seat would be the safest if you were in a rear-end
collision? Support your answer applying Newton’s first law of motion.
36
Newton’s 2nd Law of Motion
A tennis racket hits a tennis ball, exerting a different amount of force on the ball during a
tennis game.
1. Which swing results in the greatest acceleration of the ball? Explain.
2. Which swing results in the least acceleration of the ball? Explain.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
A 10 N force is applied to each of these objects.
1. Which object will have the greatest acceleration? Explain.
2. Which object will have the least acceleration? Explain.
3. Which option best describes the object with the greatest force?
a. A 15 kg mountain bike with an acceleration to 0.6 m/s2
b. A 100 kg motorcycle with an acceleration to 0.09 m/s2
37
Newton’s 3rd Law of Motion
Describe how Newton’s 3rd Law of Motion applies to the picture.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Which Law Applies
Identify the correct Newton’s law that relates to each statement by writing the number of the
appropriate law.
____ 1. Forces occur in action-reaction pairs
____ 2. Balanced forces are equal in size but act in the opposite directions
____ 3. The inertia of an object depends on its mass; the greater the mass, the greater
the inertia
____ 4. Acceleration of an object depends on the mass of the object and the force
exerted on the object
____ 5. Forces occur in action-reaction pairs
____ 6. Inertia is the tendency of an object to resist a change in motion
____ 7. A stationary object will not move until a force great enough to overcome its
inertia is exerted on the object
____ 8. Unbalanced forces cause acceleration
____ 9. When you walk on the ground, the ground exerts a force on your foot
38
Plate Tectonics Card Sort
1. What are the three types of boundaries?
Type of Boundary
Motion
Landform Example
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
39
40
Earth Systems and Oceans and Weather
Guiding Questions
1. What is the driving force that causes plates to move?
2. What motion occurs at each type of plate boundary?
3. Which land features are formed at each type of plate boundary?
4. How do weathering, erosion, and deposition effect the environment?
5. What are ways that humans impact water quality?
Vocabulary
Convection Current Subduction -
Groundwater -
Surface Water -
Weathering –
Erosion -
Deposition
Questions I still have:
Important things to remember from today:
Seasons
41
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. The Northern Hemisphere is having summer at Position _____________.
2. It takes Earth _________________ to travel from Position A to Position C.
3. As Earth moves around the Sun, the North Pole always points to ___________.
4. At Position D, the Sun’s most direct rays are striking the ________________.
5. The winter solstice for the Northern Hemisphere, which marks the first day of
winter, occurs when Earth is located at Position ________________.
6. Locations in the Northern Hemisphere have the longest periods of daylight at
Position ________.
7. Earth’s motion of spinning on its axis is called ___________________.
8. Earth’s motion of traveling around the Sun is called ____________________.
9. One rotation takes one __________________.
10. One revolution takes one ______________________.
11. Earth has seasons because __________________________________.
Day 10 – Earth, Moon, and Sun
42
Guiding Questions
1. How does the rotation of the Earth cause day and night?
2. How do the relative positions of the earth, sun, and moon determine the lunar cycle?
3. Why do we have seasons?
Vocabulary
Waxing Waning -
Rotation -
Revolution -
Questions I still have:
Important things to remember from today:
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Periodic Table
1. Shade in the group of elements that are called the Noble Gases. 2. Circle three elements
that are classified as metals. 3. Draw triangles around three elements that are classified
as metalloids.
How many groups or families of elements are on the table? ____________
How many periods of elements are on the table? ___________
43
Element Riddles
1. I am in period 2 and belong to the same family as silicon. What am I?
2. I have 7 valence electrons and have 2 more protons than phosphorus. What am I?
3. I am in Period 5 and have properties similar to my favorite cousin, gold. What am I?
4. I am the only element with no neutrons in my nucleus. What am I?
5. I am the only element in Period 3 that has 8 electrons in my outermost energy level.
What am I?
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Metal, Nonmetal, or Metalloid
Characteristics
Examples
Metals
Metalloids
Non-metals
44
Element Misfits
For each set of elements, determine how three are connected. Circle the word that
does not belong with the other three. Explain why it does not belong with the other
elements.
Ex.
Which is the misfit?
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Aluminum
Helium
Why?
Aluminum is the misfit because it is a metal
and the others are nonmetals. Aluminum is
also a solid, while the others are gases.
1.
Which is the misfit?
Boron
Aluminum
Iron
Lithium
Why?
Which is the misfit?
Calcium
Cobalt
Silver
Bromine
Why?
Which is the misfit?
Neon
Oxygen
Argon
Radon
Why?
Which is the misfit?
Nitrogen
Fluorine
Chlorine
Iodine
Why?
2.
3.
4.
45
Element or Compound?
_________
_________
_________
_________
_________
_________
_________
_________
_________
_________
_________
_________
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Organic or Inorganic
Substance
Organic or Inorganic
Ammonia – NH3
Chlorophyll – C55H72MgNO5
Sulfuric Acid – H2SO4
Ethanol – CH3CH2OH
Caffeine – C8H10N4O5
Fertilizer – Ca2(PO4)2
46
Fill in the table for the drawing above…
1. Does the model represent an atom, a molecule, or both?
2. Does the model represent an element or a compound?
3. What are the names of the elements shown in the model?
4. What is the chemical formula for the substance?
5. What substance does the model represent?
47
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Practice Writing Chemical Formulas
Write a Chemical Formula for the following compounds.
1. Carbon dioxide = 1 atom of carbon + 2 atoms of oxygen
2. Calcium carbonate = 1 atom of calcium + 1 atom of carbon + 3 atoms of oxygen
3. Sulfuric acid = 2 atoms of hydrogen + 1 atom of sulfur + 4 atoms of oxygen
4. Hydrogen peroxide = 2 atoms of hydrogen + 2 atoms of oxygen
5. Hydrochloric acid = 1 atom of hydrogen + 1 atom of chlorine
48
Count the Atoms
Example:
5 ZnSO4
Zn – (5x1=5)
S – (5 x 1=5)
O – 20 (5 x 5=20)
30 total atoms
6.
Substance
Elements and Atoms
Total Number of Atoms
H2O
Hydrogen – 2
Oxygen - 1
3
6CO2
2(PO4)
C12H22O11
C6H12O6
NaCl
3NH4
CaCl2
3BaCl2
Mg(OH)2
Cu2S
Pb(NO3)2
ZnCO3
Al2(SO4)3
49
Fill in the blanks:
Subscript
Coefficient
Yields
Reactant
Product
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Name That Part!
Circle the reactants, draw a box around the products, draw an asterisk (*) above the
coefficients, and underline the subscripts.
50
Is it Balanced?
1. Na + O2  Na2O
Reactants
Products
Equal?
Balanced?
2. NH3 + HCl  NH4Cl
Reactants
Products
Equal?
Balanced?
3. KOH + HBr  KBr + H2O
4. Rb + P  Rb3P
Reactants
Reactants
Products
Products
Equal?
Equal?
Balanced?
Balanced?
5. 4FeS2 + 11O2  2Fe2O3 + 8SO2
Reactants
51
Products
Equal?
Balanced?
C6H12O6 is glucose.
1. How many elements are in one molecule of glucose? __________
2. How many carbon atoms are in one molecule of glucose? _________
3. How many hydrogen atoms are in one molecule of glucose? ______
4. How many oxygen atoms are in one molecule of glucose? ________
Chemical Changes
Read the following group responses to a class lab activity and use your knowledge of
chemical changes in compounds. Which group do you agree with and why?
A teacher provides each student group with two test tubes: one containing a red liquid and
one containing a clear liquid. Each group has the same two liquids. The teacher instructs
students to combine the substances and determine if a chemical reaction occurs. The
student groups report a conclusion to the class based on their findings.
Group 1: “We believe a chemical reaction did not occur because the temperature
decreased when we added the two substances together. There was not a change in color,
and no gas was generated.”
Group 2: “We believe a chemical reaction occurred because when we mixed the red
substance with the clear substance, the clear substance turned red. There is a definite
change in color.”
Group 3: “We believe a chemical reaction occurred. There was not a color change, but
there was a decrease in the temperature when the red substance and the clear substance
were combined. Upon close inspection, we also noticed small amounts of a solid had formed
at the bottom of the beaker.”
52
Physical and Chemical Changes in Digestion
Indicate whether the following is a chemical or physical change (P or C).
____ Chewing your food
____ Saliva mixing with your food
____ Your tongue breaking pieces of hamburger apart
____ In the stomach food mixes with gastric juices
____ Muscular action called peristalsis pushes and squeezes food through the esophagus
____ Pancreatic juices break down carbohydrates, fats, and proteins into simple
substances in the small intestine
____ Muscle contractions churn and mix food in the stomach
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Day 12, 13, & 14 – Structure and Properties of Matter
Guiding Questions
1. What is the difference between an element and a compound?
2. Based on the Periodic Table arrangement, how are the properties of elements used for
classifying elements?
3. What information about an element can be found using the Periodic Table?
4. What is the location of protons, neutrons, and electrons?
5. How can the number of protons, electrons, and neutrons for an element be identified?
6. What happens to atoms during a chemical reaction?
7. How is conservation of mass represented in a balanced equation?
8. What indicates that a chemical reaction has occurred?
Element -
Vocabulary
Compound -
Physical Properties -
Chemical Properties -
Electron -
Proton –
Neutron -
Electron Cloud –
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FOUR TO MAKE THE SCORE
1) Read to Succeed! - Most students who fail tests like the STAAR do so because
they don’t…READ!!!
2) Eliminate! Eliminate! Eliminate! - Most of the questions have 2 answers that are
obviously...WRONG!!!
3) In A Rut, Go With Your Gut! - Studies have shown that the first answer that you
think is right...IS PROBABLY CORRECT!!!
4) When In Doubt, “C” it Out! - Don’t know what the heck they’re asking you…Pick one
letter and stick with it!
Use these 4 steps to ensure you make the score!
Science STAAR – I know you are going to do awesome! You have put in a lot of hard
work and it will pay off! Remember your test taking strategies and “Four to Make the
Score”.
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Knox Science