July 09 Safety Meeting
Larry Brockshus
Overview
• Gen Courter guidance
• Annual ORM Review
• 2009 Aircraft incidents
Guidance from the CAP Nat.
Commander Maj. Gen Amy Courter
• SUBJECT: Interim Change Letter-Increased Safety
Requirements for Cadet Activities
• New requirements to increase safety at cadet
events
– Safety officer requirments
– ORM training and worksheets
– For flight activities
• Ground handling
• Aerodynamics training
• Wing walker training
Cadet activity requirements (cont.)
•
NCSA Directors and Wing and Region Encampment Commanders will
appoint a Safety Officer
– Assist in accomplishing the requirements outlined below
– Conduct daily safety briefings
– Maintain pertinent training records
• ORM training requirements
– Activity directors and staff to complete the Intermediate ORM course
– Students to complete the Basic ORM course before attending the activity.
– The on-line ORM Course is located at:
http://www.capmembers.com/safety/orm.cfm.
– Students and staff can view the ORM worksheet at:
http://capmembers.com/media/cms/V1_Tab3_94277D5C1AA7E.pdf
• Complete ORM Worksheet for activities. You can also use it to evaluate
and document safety mishaps that occurred at your specific event last
year, if that information is readily available.
Cadets at flying activities
• Students and staff will view the “Ground Handling” video
before attending the activity.
– The video is located at:
https://www.capnhq.gov/CAP.MultiMedia.Web/login.aspx?Re
turnUrl=%2fCAP.MultiMedia.Web%2fVideo.aspx.
• Students and staff will also complete "Essential
Aerodynamics" an on-line course and test (with certificate)
– Available from AOPA Air Safety Foundation located at:
https://www.aopa.org/asf/osc/loginform.cfm?course=aerody
namics&project_code=&
• Glider activates : students and staff will complete the
“Wing Runner Course” before attending that activity.
– Available at:
http://www.soaringsafety.org/school/wingrunner/toc.htm
Annual ORM Refresher
The Six Step path to ORM may seem long…
Six Steps
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•
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Step One: Identify the Hazards
Step Two: Assess Risks
Step Three: Analyze Risk Control Measures
Step Four: Make Risk Control Decisions
Step Five: Implement Risk Controls
Step Six: Supervise and Review
Step One: Identify the Hazards
• First analyze the mission
• List the possible hazards
– Charts events chronologically or in order
of importance to reduce the chances of
forgetting any segment
– Stay focused on the specific event under
analysis and limit your list to the "big
picture"
– Choose the cause that is the first link in
the chain of events
Step Two: Assess Risks
• Assess the risk for each hazard.
– Probability of an event
– Severity of the outcome
PROBABILITY
Often
SEVERITY
Catastrophic
Critical
Moderate
Negligible
Likely
Occn’l
Seldom
Unlikely
Extremely High
High
Medium
Low
Step Three: Analyze Risk Control Measures
• Lower the probability of occurrence
and/or decrease the severity :
– Identify the control options available
– Determine their effects on the risk level
– Prioritize the control measures
• Once determined, rank them starting
with the controls that have the
greatest effect on severity and
probability
Step Four: Make Risk Control Decisions
• Make decisions at the right time
– Late as possible to allow more time for
collecting info.
– Wait too long, and decisions can't be
effectively integrated
• Make risk control decisions at the right
level.
– Who can best judge the full range of
issues involved.
– Keep the person who takes the heat in the
loop.
• The goal is not the least level of risk; it
is the best level of risk for the total
mission
Step Five: Implement Risk Controls
• Make an implementation plan. For each
control:
– Make implementation clear
– Establish accountability
– Provide support at all levels
• Seven most common reasons why
implementation plans fail:
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Wrong control for the problem
Disliked by the operators
Disliked by the leaders
Too costly
Overmatched by other priorities
Misunderstood
Not measured until it's too late
Step Six: Supervise and Review
• Determining the actual
effectiveness of risk controls
throughout the operation
– Supervision of the
implementation
– Review of the cost/benefit
balance
– Feedback on the original plan
ORM Integration
• The integration of ORM is crucial because:
– Maximize training realism by reducing unnecessary
restrictions and limitations.
– Expand operational capabilities in virtually all areas.
– Enhance overall decision making.
– Make ORM the leading edge of improved employeemanagement relations.
– Cuts losses significantly.
An ORM Analogy
• Think of ORM as a battle where risk is the enemy
– Step One: Where is the enemy
– Step Two: Where is the enemy most dangerous
– Step Three: What can we do to counter the enemy
– Step Four: Make our Battle Plan
– Step Five: Attack
– Step Six: Battle Damage Assessment, plan next
attack
ORM Application
• Can be used at different levels
– Time Critical
– Deliberate
– Strategic
• Can be applied by everyone and applied to
every situation
– Even “on-the-run” crisis situations (the definition
of Time Critical)
Four Principles of ORM
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Accept no unnecessary risk
Make Risk decisions at the appropriate level
Accept risk when benefits outweigh the cost
Integrate ORM into CAP at all levels
Final Thought on ORM
• ORM does not eliminate risk, or try to create
the least level of risk, but aims to have the
best combination of acceptable risk and
overall mission success.
2009 MN Aircraft Incidents
Incidents
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19 Feb, #1218, Damage on horizontal stab
21 Mar, #1262, Hit tie down ring, Soft Field T.O.
17 Apr, #1303, Hit tie down ring, Student Solo
23 May, #1376, Bent Aileron
30 May, #1390, Scraped rear tail box
18 Jun, #1437, Wing leading edge dent
23 Jun, #1492, Scraped wing tip
Concerns
• 3 incidents of aircraft tail hitting to ground
– Training
– Technique
• 5 incidents had an unknown cause
– Poor pre/post-flights
– Integrity?
• All were preventable
Be Safe