Presentation 2
The Biological Nexus of Technological
Innovation.
Kelvin Willoughby
Australian Centre for Innovation
Addressing the challenges of the future through innovation
For One Baby, Life Begins
with Genome Revealed
How a California father made an end run around
medicine to decode his son’s DNA.
Antonio Regalado, MIT Technology Review, June 13, 2014
http://www.technologyreview.com/news/527936/for-one-baby-life-begins-with-genome-revealed/
An infant delivered last week in California appears to be the
first healthy person ever born in the U.S. with his entire
genetic makeup deciphered in advance.
His father, Razib Khan, is a graduate student and
professional blogger on genetics who says he worked out a
rough draft of his son’s genome early this year in a do-ityourself fashion after managing to obtain a tissue sample
from the placenta of the unborn baby during the second
trimester.
… The idea of sequencing fetuses is extremely new and
sensitive. Khan, who had no real medical reason to learn his
son’s DNA code, says sequencing his son in utero “was
more cool than practical.” He did it to show where
technology is headed and because he likes “pushing the
envelope.”
Myriad Genetics Posts Key
myPath Melanoma Data Analyst Blog
NASDAQ --- Zacks.com, June 03, 2014
http://www.nasdaq.com/article/-myriad-genetics-posts-key-mypath-melanoma-data-analyst-blog-cm358611/
Myriad Genetics, Inc. ( MYGN ) reported results from a
crucial clinical validation study of its myPath Melanoma test
at the 2014 American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)
annual meeting in Chicago. The Myriad myPath Melanoma
test is a clinically validated gene expression molecular test
that has been designed to differentiate malignant melanoma
from benign skin lesions, with a high level of accuracy. With
certain melanomas imitating benign skin lesions, it becomes
quite difficult for clinicians to diagnose melanoma in patients
accurately. In such situations, Myriad myPath Melanoma
comes of help as it has the ability to discriminate malignant
melanoma from benign skin lesions, as has been observed
in the validation study. The test differentiates between the
two diseases by using traditional dermatopathology as a
gold standard. A quick and accurate diagnosis of potentially
fatal melanoma is now possible, thanks to Myriad myPath
Melanoma.
U.S. organizations signing:
American Farm Bureau
Federation; National
Association of Wheat
Growers; National Farmers
Union; North American Millers'
Association and U.S. Wheat
Associates.
Canadian signatories:
Canadian National Millers
Association; Cereals Canada;
Grain Farmers of Ontario;
Grain Growers of Canada and
Western Canadian Wheat
Growers Association.
Australian signatories:
AgForce Queensland; Grain
Growers Limited; Grain
Producers Australia; Grain
Producers SA; Pastoral and
Graziers Association of
Western Australia and
Victorian Farmers Federations
Grains Group.
Metabolix biopolymers are based on polyhydroxyalkanoate polymers (PHAs) and are
made by fermentation using renewable carbon based feedstocks, making them 100%
biobased in neat form. Metabolix has developed leading technology for production of
a broad range of PHA biopolymers as evidenced by an industry leading intellectual
property portfolio and continues to innovate further to expand the range of
performance and production economics of our PHA biopolymers.
© Prof. Kelvin W. Willoughby, 2005.
© Prof. Kelvin W. Willoughby, 2005.
www.bio.org
An approach to categorizing
biology-related technologies
Technologies categorized by the
types of MEANS they incorporate
Technologies categorized by the
types of ENDS they serve
Fields of Bioscience Technology
Technologies categorized by the
types of bio-related MEANS they incorporate
Biotechnology
Bioscience
Technology
Medical
Technology
Bio-systems
Technology
Technologies categorized by the
types of bio-related ENDS they serve
Fields of Bioscience Technology
Technologies categorized by the
types of bio-related MEANS they incorporate
Biotechnology
“Life Sciences”
Medical
Technology
Bio-systems
Technology
Technologies categorized by the
types of bio-related ENDS they serve
2006 Professor Kelvin W. Willoughby.
Fields of Bioscience Technology
Technologies categorized by the
types of bio-related MEANS they incorporate
Biotechnology
Medical
Devices
Sub-categorized by the
types of bio-related
means they incorporate
Bioscience
Technology
Medical
Technology
Bio-systems
Technology
Agri-bio
Technology
Sub-categorized by
the types of bio-related
applications they express
Bio-industrial
Technology
Pharmaceuticals
Technologies categorized by the
types of bio-related ENDS they serve
Fields of Bioscience Technology
Illustrative
Examples
Technologies categorized by the
types of bio-related MEANS they incorporate
Molecular biology,
genomics,
proteomics
Monoclonal antibody
based diagnostics
Bio-pharmaceuticals
Medical
Devices
Pharmaceuticals (traditional)
Drug delivery devices,
Cardiac rhythm devices
Biotechnology
Pharmacologically
active GMOs
Bioscience
Technology
Medical
Technology
Agri-biotech
Fermentation,
Industrial
bioprocessing,
Food
processing.
Agri-bio
Technology
Bio-systems
Technology
Bio-security
technologies
Bio-sensors
Bio-industrial
Technology
Pharmaceuticals
Diagnostic devices,
Medical biosensors
(selections only)
Nutritionally
enhanced food
“Nutraceuticals”
Veterinary
technologies
Bio-fuels / Bio-energy
Bio-materials
Bio-fibers
Technologies categorized by the
types of bio-related ENDS they serve
“Bio” business …
Today’s advances leverage the accomplishments of
previous ages, products, and technologies.
1800s
1900s
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2025
U.S. Bioscience and Total Private Sector Employment, 2001-10, Indexed (2001 = 100)
Source: Battelle/BIO, State Bioscience
Industry Development Report (Battelle &
Biotechnology Industry Organization, 2012)
Employment Trends in the Biosciences and Other Knowledge-intensive Industries, 2001-10
Source: Battelle/BIO, State Bioscience
Industry Development Report (Battelle &
Biotechnology Industry Organization, 2012)
Change in Real Average Annual Wages, United States, 2001-10
Source: Battelle/BIO, State Bioscience Industry
Development Report (Battelle & Biotechnology
Industry Organization, 2012)
U.S. Employment by Bioscience Subsector, 2007-10
Source: Battelle/BIO, State Bioscience Industry
Development Report (Battelle & Biotechnology
Industry Organization, 2012)
Minnesota Life Science Community
Minnesota
Industries
Medical
Devices
Infrastructure
Component/Service
Suppliers
Bioinformatics &
Systems
Biology
Int’l Business
Support Center
Bioengineering &
Clinical Capabilities
Acceleration/
Incubation
Education
Food
Academic
Tech Transfer
v.19jan09
(Biological &
Chemical)
NanoTech &
Materials
Science
Animal
Health
Funding
Foundational
Capabilities
Catalysis &
Synthesis
Skilled Workforce
Enabling
Knowledge
Clusters
Leadership Talent
Commercialization
Catalysts
Biologics/
Biopharma
Renewable
Materials
Renewable
Energy
Genomics,
Proteomics & High
Throughput
Biology
Policy
Imaging /
Navigation
Employment, Biobusiness Technology Industries
2007
2002
1997
23,893
Wisconsin
19,682
19,455
24,653
Washington
26,325
19,423
14,389
Utah
16,650
14,012
29,963
Ohio
29,608
25,008
45,706
North Carolina
41,318
26,849
60,930
New York
81,898
72,405
75,274
New Jersey
79,893
56,524
62,854
Massachusetts
54,676
41,835
10,796
Iowa
10,601
8,545
217,182
California
228,336
152,656
34,422
Minnesota
27,992
28,889
0
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
Enterprise Density Indices, Biobusiness Technology Industries
Employment, Biobusiness Technology Industries
2007
2002
1997
2007
2002
1997
23,893
Wisconsin
1.00
Wisconsin
19,682
0.81
0.80
19,455
1.46
24,653
Washington
Washington
26,325
1.14
1.15
19,423
1.21
14,389
Utah
Utah
16,650
1.29
1.26
14,012
0.90
29,963
Ohio
Ohio
29,608
0.85
0.81
25,008
1.00
45,706
North Carolina
North Carolina
41,318
0.93
0.86
26,849
0.85
60,930
New York
New York
81,898
0.99
1.07
72,405
1.27
75,274
New Jersey
New Jersey
79,893
1.25
1.27
56,524
1.51
62,854
Massachusetts
Massachusetts
54,676
1.25
1.25
41,835
0.87
10,796
Iowa
Iowa
10,601
0.71
8,545
1.37
217,182
California
California
228,336
1.01
34,422
Minnesota
27,992
0.85
0.88
28,889
0
1.40
1.42
152,656
Minnesota
0.74
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
1.20
1.40
1.60
Percentage Change in Employment Density Indices, 1997-2002
Biobusiness Technology Industries
Wisconsin-18.8%
5.8%
Washington
Utah -13.2%
Ohio
-2.7%
23.1%
North Carolina
New York -13.0%
8.0%
New Jersey
Massachusetts
-0.3%
Iowa
-2.3%
-30.0%
-20.0%
-10.0%
-11.5%
Washington
Utah
-25.6%
0.0%
24.3%
Wisconsin
10.6%
California
Minnesota
Percentage Change in Employment Density Indices, 2002-2007
Biobusiness Technology Industries
-22.7%
9.5%
Ohio
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
10.3%
North Carolina
New York
-19.8%
New Jersey
-1.1%
23.3%
Massachusetts
5.7%
Iowa
California
-4.0%
26.3%
Minnesota
-30.0%
-20.0%
-10.0%
0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
Modes of Activity, Bioscience Technology Firms, New York, Late 1990s
Source: Willoughby
Percentage of firms in the industry engaged significantly in each function.
Percentage of firms in the industry engaged significantly in each function.
Modes of Activity,
Bioscience
Percentage
of Utah's
bioscienceTechnology
technology Firms,
firms engaged in production
research, 1998
Utah, Late or
1990s
90%
89%
80%
70%
71%
67%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Production
Source: Willoughby
Research & Production
development
and R&D
Percentage of firms in the industry engaged significantly in each function.
Variations in Modes of Activity Between Industry Sectors, Bioscience Technology Firms
New York, Late 1990s
Source: Willoughby
Technological Diversification by Bioscience-Technology Firms
New York State, Late 1990s
Primary Field of
Technology
% of Population
Number of Firms in
Active in Other
Population
Fields of BioscienceTechnology
% of "C" Active in
Biotechnology
Biotechnology
140
57%
100%
Pharmaceuticals
74
55%
85%
Medical Devices
109
21%
91%
Life-Systems
Technology
40
88%
80%
Source: Willoughby
Source: Willoughby
Source: Willoughby
“Take Away” Themes
• Biology is an emerging nexus zone of technological
innovation.
• The business of bioscience-technology plays an
increasingly significant role the wider economy and in
a range of other industries.
• The business of bioscience-technology may provide
great leverage for regional wealth generation.
• Communities compete with one another to become
bio-business zones.
• Successful bioscience-technology firms tend to be
multi-functional, interdisciplinary, and communicative.