3/26 & 3/27
NOW THAT WE ALL KNOW THE PAPER III
(HOTA) IS DIFFICULT IT IS TIME TO WORK!
ICEBREAKER ~ TAKE OUT YOUR PAPER III ESSAY
Answer the following questions in your notebook:
1) What was purpose of the 3/5 Compromise?
2) Describe the significance of bleeding Kansas.
3) What did the Missouri Compromise of 1820 establish?
4) What was the Compromise of 1850?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JN1VX_g8JZM
1859 – Harper’s Ferry & John Brown
 John Brown and a group of abolitionists organized a
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raid on Harpers Ferry, Virginia, a federal arsenal.
Brown hoped that slaves would come to the arsenal and he
would then lead a massive slave uprising.
Brown was unsuccessful and captured. He was found guilty
of murder and treason and sentenced to death.
Many northerners saw Brown as a hero. Southerners felt that
the North wanted to destroy slavery and the South along
with it.
Effect: Convinced many southerners that war was
inevitable.
1860 – Lincoln elected President
 The Southerners’ reaction to the election of President Lincoln was
strong. They felt that the country had put an abolitionist in the
White House. The South felt that secession was the only option.
 The South felt they had the right to secede. The Declaration of
Independence stated that “it is the right of the people to
alter or to abolish” a government that denies the rights
of its citizens. Lincoln, they believed, would deny them
the right to own slaves.
 Effect: In 1860, South Carolina seceded from the Union.
By February of 1861, Alabama, Florida, Texas, Georgia,
Louisiana, and Mississippi had seceded.
1861 – Fort Sumter
 After Lincoln took the oath of office in 1861, he announced that
no state can lawfully leave the Union. He declared, however, there
would be no war unless the South started it.
 The South started to take possession of all Federal buildings —
forts and post offices. The South took control of the three forts in
Florida and was ready to take control of Fort Sumter in South
Carolina. In April, 1861, the Confederates asked for the fort’s
surrender. Major Robert Anderson of the Union refused to
surrender. The Confederate troops proceeded to shell Fort
Sumter. Anderson ran out of ammunition and was forced to
surrender.
 Effect: America’s brutal, but inevitable, Civil War had
begun.
Fort Sumter – Charleston, SC
CIVIL WAR
ADVANTAGES/DISADVANTAGES
NORTH
ADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGES
•Larger population
Faced hostile people
•More industry
Southern territory unfamiliar
•More resources
•Better banking system
•More railroad mileage
•Better leader (Abraham Lincoln)
•More ships
•Better balance between farming
and industry
Functioning Government
CIVIL WAR
ADVANTAGES/DISADVANTAGES
SOUTH
ADVANTAGES
Strong popular support
Familiar territory
Superior military training facilities
DISADVANTAGES
Smaller population
Few factories
Less food production
Fewer railroad miles
Fewer ships
Jefferson Davis
Belief in states’ rights
CIVIL WAR
PROBLEMS NORTH AND SOUTH
NORTH
• “Peace Democrats” (also called
“Copperheads”) favored a truce
with the Confederacy
• Enlistments declined
• Bounties offered – failed
• Draft law drew names of men
20-45
• Could buy out of it for $300
• Draft riots took place in New
York City in July, 1863
SOUTH
• Enlistments declined
• Draft law drew names of men
18-35 to serve for 3 years
• could hire a substitute
• Bombing raids caused people to have
to leave their homes
• Blockade caused imported goods to
disappear
• Crops were destroyed, railroads were
torn apart
• Clothing wore out and could not be
replaced
CIVIL WAR
STRATEGIE
NORTH
The Anaconda Plan
1. Blockade the South
2. Split the Confederacy by gaining
control of the Mississippi River
3. Capture Richmond, the Confederate
capital
CIVIL WAR
STRATEGIES
SOUTH
WIN RECOGNITION AS AN
INDEPENDENT NATION
1. Capture Washington, D.C.
2. Seize central Pennsylvania
3. Defend homeland until
North tired of fighting
4. Get Britain to pressure
North to end blockade to
restore cotton supplies
The Battle of Antietam
September 17, 1862
The Two Commanders
Robert E. Lee (CSA)
George B. McClellan (USA)
General Robert E. Lee’s reasons for
invading Maryland
 To gather supplies and troops from the slave-holding border state
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of Maryland.
To give the farmers in Virginia time to bring in their crops for
the winter.
To get military or political support from France and Great
Britain.
To damage Northern morale before the November elections.
To bring the war north and threaten Washington, DC and other
Northern cities.
Defeat the Union army once and for all.
Results of the Battle
The Battle of
Antietam ended
Robert E. Lee and
the Army of
Northern Virginia’s
first invasion into the
North
The Confederate Army Retreats Back to Virginia
Results of the Battle
The Battle of Antietam
was the bloodiest
single day battle in
American History.
23,000 soldiers were
killed, wounded, or
missing in a twelvehour period.
Dead soldiers in front of Dunker Church.
Results of the Battle
This battle also resulted in
President Lincoln issuing
the preliminary
Emancipation
Proclamation
CIVIL WAR
EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION
January 1, 1863
- Political move on the part of
Abraham Lincoln when he was
concerned the North was tiring
of war
- Freed only the slaves in the
“rebellious” states
- Gave the North a new reason to
continue the war
- Britain decided to withhold
recognition of the Confederacy
The Battle of Gettysburg
The Turning Point of the War
The Plan
 Lee (C.S.A.) attempts another invasion of the North
 Lee hopes to capture another northern city which could
convince the North to seek peace
 Lee desperately needs supplies; stops at the town of
Gettysburg, PA
The Union- North
 General George Meade
newly appointed
 90,000 troops
The ConfederacyThe South
 General Robert E. Lee
 75,000 troops
 General Pickett
 General Longstreet
Lee’s pLan
 1. Weaken the flanks
(sides)- Day 1 and 2
 2. Attack the center
of the Union line on
Day 3!
The Troops
The C.S.A.wants to
occupy the
high ground
Pickett’s
Charge
July 3rd
Union: Occupies the High
Ground
“Cemetery Ridge”
July 2
pickett’s charge
 On the 3rd day of battle, Lee orders an all-out attack on the
center of the Union line.
 George Pickett leads 15,000 Confederate soldiers in a charge
across the low ground separating the two forces
 “High Tide of the Confederacy”
 Northern-most point reached by Confederate army
 Closest and last chance for Confederacy to win the War
“generaL Lee, i have no division now.”
…….words spoken by General Pickett after the Battle of Gettysburg
 As the division marched towards the ridge, half were
killed by cannon fire, cannister or bullets from the dugin Union troops
 Of the men that reached the ridge, most were killed or
captured
 Union victory
The Aftermath
 Casualties
 Union = 23,000
 Confederacy = 28,000
Gettysburg Address
 Given by Lincoln
 Lincoln's Gettysburg Address became a rallying cry that easily
ushered Lincoln into his second term in office and reinforced
Union resolve to win the war.
Exit Card
 List 2 Advantages of the North
 List 2 Disadvantages of the North
 List 2 Advantages of the South
 List 2 Disadvantages of the South
 Explain the significance of the Battle of Antietam &
Gettysburg