EINE ANALYSE DES SOZIALISMUS
Sebastian| Professor Panaccione| GERM1020-001 Elementary German II

AN ANALYSIS OF SOCIALISM
Sebastian| Professor Panaccione| GERM1020-001 Elementary German II

„SIE SIND ENTSETZT ÜBER UNSERE ZU TUN
BEABSICHTIGT ENTFERNT MIT PRIVATEM EIGENTUM.
ABER IN DER BESTEHENDEN GESELLSCHAFT,
PRIVATEIGENTUM IST BEREITS FÜR NEUN ZEHNTEL
DER BEVÖLKERUNG; DIE EXISTENZ DER WENIGEN
AUSSCHLIEßLICH AUFGRUND IHRER NICHT-EXISTENZ IN
DEN HÄNDEN DER NEUN-ZEHNTEL. SIE WERFEN UNS
DESHALB, MIT ABSICHT, EINE FORM VON EIGENTUM,
DIE NOTWENDIGE VORAUSSETZUNG FÜR DEREN
EXISTENZ IST DIE NICHT-EXISTENZ VON EIGENTUM FÜR
DIE ÜBERWIEGENDE MEHRHEIT DER GESELLSCHAFT.“
Karl Marx – The Communist Manifesto

“YOU ARE HORRIFIED AT OUR INTENDING TO DO AWAY
WITH PRIVATE PROPERTY. BUT IN YOUR EXISTING
SOCIETY, PRIVATE PROPERTY IS ALREADY DONE AWAY
WITH FOR NINE-TENTHS OF THE POPULATION; ITS
EXISTENCE FOR THE FEW IS SOLELY DUE TO ITS NON-
EXISTENCE IN THE HANDS OF THOSE NINE-TENTHS.
YOU REPROACH US, THEREFORE, WITH INTENDING TO
DO AWAY WITH A FORM OF PROPERTY, THE NECESSARY
CONDITION FOR WHOSE EXISTENCE IS THE NON-
EXISTENCE OF ANY PROPERTY FOR THE IMMENSE
MAJORITY OF SOCIETY.”
Karl Marx – The Communist Manifesto

Karl Heinrich Marx was a
19 th century German philosopher, political economist, historian, political theorist, sociologist, journalist, and revolutionary socialist, whose ideas played a significant role in the development of social science and the socialist political movement.

• Karl Hirschel
Marx was born in
Trier, Germany,
Son of Hirschel and Henrietta
Marx May 5, 1818
1818
• Enrolled in the
Trier High School where he studied philosophy and social science.
1830
• Attended the
University of Bonn with the intent to study philosophy and literature.
Instead, at his fathers insistence studied law
1835
• Attended the
University of
Berlin at his fathers request to continue the study of law.
• Studied the philosophy of
G.W.F. Hegel and other radical philosophers.
1836-1841

Marx was born May 5,
1818 in Trier, Germany which is located in the southwest of Germany near Luxemburg. Trier is the oldest city in
Germany founded in or before 16 BC and is ranked fourth among the largest cities.

• Karl Marx’s father;
Herschel Marx, was born
Ashkenazi Jewish, converted from Judaism to the Protestant
Christian denomination of Lutheranism to continue practicing law after a Prussian order denied Jews the bar.
• Karl Marx was privately educated until 1830, when he was enrolled in the Trier High School where he studied philosophy and social science. The school was raided in 1832 by police because of the liberal humanist views taught to the students in angst of the Prussian government.

UNIVERSITY OF BONN AND UNIVERSITY OF BERLIN
Like his father Karl Marx pursued the study of law.
Marx enrolled at the
University of Bonn. While at
Bonn, Marx’s studies were diluted by his frolicking and irresponsible lifestyle. Marx accrued a great deal of debt and was injured in a duel.
Heinrich Marx paid off his sons debts and insisted on his enrollment at Berlin
University.
• At the more conservative
University of Berlin, Karl
Marx’s studies improved dramatically. It was at the
Berlin University that he was introduced to the philosophical writings of
G. W. F. Hegel by Bruno
Bauer, a outspoken atheist and political radical. Marx later becoming involved with a group of radical thinkers the Young
Hegelians.

• ..the United States from 1820 to 1870 propagated as a consequence of two major reformations: the Second Great
Awakening, resembling the religious movement of Great Awakening in the eighteenth century and the natural goodness of man; defined as transcendentalism. Religion was probably the foremost motivating influence behind shaping the method of American perception. Because of immigration, the boom-and-bust cycles of market economy, rising inequality, the increase of western settlement, and territorial expansion in the
United States, Americans had difficulty keeping up with changes that were perceived as outside of one’s control.
Social reform movements such as temperance, reform of penitentiaries and asylums, antimasonry, abolition and women’s rights were the results of a period of religious renewal in the United
States after the War of 1812.

• Marx engaged to
Jenny von
Westphalen, daughter of a
Prussian aristocrat.
• Writing fiction and non-fiction,
Marx completes his short novel,
Scorpion and Felix and his one act play Oulanem
• Marx completes his doctorial thesis,
The Difference
Between the
Democitean and
Epicuurean
Philosophy of
Nature submitted to the university of
Jena for his PhD
• Moves to
Cologne to begin writing for the radical newspaper
Rheinische
Zeitung, liberaldemocratic journal suppresed by the Prussian authorities.
1836 1837 1841 1842

• Published On the
Jewish Question and Contribution to Critique of
Hegel’s Philosophy of Right
• Marries Jenny von
Westphalen in Bad
Kreuznach,
Rhineland-
Palatinate,
Germany.
• In Paris, Marx meets German socialist Friedrich
Engels, radical son of a German industralist
•Karl Marx and
Jenny move to
Paris.
• Marx wrote The
Economic and
Philosophical
Manuscripts
1843 1843 1844
•Marx and Engels publish Die
Heilige Familie –
The Holy Family
•Marx wrote
Thesis on
Feuerbach
1845

• Marx and Engel met in
Paris in 1844. They discovered that they shared similar views of philosophy and socialism. As Engels wrote after their first meeting “complete agreement in all theoretical fields.”

• Die Heilige Familie was written with Friedrich
Engels as a critique on the Young Hegelians and their school of thought. Marx’s publisher suggested the title of the book,
The Holy Family, as a satirical reference to the Bauer Brothers.

• Exiled from
France, Marx and
Engel emigrate to
Brussels and reconnects with other socialist exiles, including
Moses Hess, Karl
Heizen and Joseph
Weydemeyer
• Marx and Engel publish Manifest der
Kommunistischen partei
• Marx creates the
Communist
Correspondence
Committee .
• Marx and Engels wrote The German
Ideology and The
Poverty of
Philosophy
• Europe experiences the
Revolutions of 1848
• Marx returns to
Cologne.
• Set up a
German Workers’
Club
• Within a month of the publishing of
The Manifesto Marx and Engels are exiled from
Brussels.
• Issues a handbill entitled the Demand of the Communist
Party of Germany
1845 1846-1847 1848 1848

“The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles.
Freemen and slave, patrician and plebeian, lord and serf, guildmaster and journeyman, in a word, oppressor and oppressed, stood in constant opposition to one another, carried on an uninterrupted, now hidden, now open fight, a fight that each time ended, either in a revolutionary reconstitution of society at large, or in the common ruin of the contended classes.”

“CAPITALIST PRODUCTION, THEREFORE, DEVELOPS TECHNOLOGY, AND THE COMBINING
TOGETHER OF VARIOUS PROCESSES INTO A SOCIAL WHOLE, ONLY BY SAPPING THE
ORIGINAL SOURCES OF ALL WEALTH - THE SOIL AND THE LABOURER.” –KARL MARX
Marx considered that socio-economic conflicts have historically developed in stages:
• Primitive Communism
• Slave
• Feudalism
• Capitalism
• Socialism
• Communism

•Expelled from
Prussia after his acquittal in trial for high treason.
• Karl Marx publishes The
Eighteen Brumaire of Louis
Bonaporte
• International
Workingmen’s
Association founded
• Marx publishes
Das Kapitel
• Jenny Marx,
Marx’s eldest daughter, died.
• 2 months later
Karl Marx died in
London.
1849 1852 1864-1867 1883

“Capitalism, like previous socioeconomic systems, would unavoidably produce internal tensions which would lead to its destruction. Just as capitalism replaced feudalism, Marx believed socialism would, in its turn, replace capitalism, and lead to a stateless, classless society called pure communism. This would emerge after a transitional period called the
"dictatorship of the proletariat": a period sometimes referred to as the "workers state" or "workers' democracy“”

Various states around the globe have modeled Marxism as a base for their own politics and policies after Marx’s death in 1883. In the 20 th century the following countries had developed governments based on Marx’s theories of economic and sociopolitical worldview:
• People’s Republic of China
• Albania
• Cuba
• Russia
• The USSR and it’s republics
• Venezuela
• Nicaragua
• Poland
• East Germany
•
•
•
•
•
•
• Afghanistan
Nepal
North Korea
Ethiopia
Grenada
• Laos
• Republic of Congo
Angola
Yugoslavia

• Marx and Engels “The Communist Manifesito (Book)” New York:
Appleton – Century - Crofts, 1955
• Wikipedia, “Karl Marx” last accessed 02 MAY 2012
• Wolff, Jonathan, "Karl Marx", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy”
First published Tue 26 Aug 2003; substantive revision Mon 14 Jun
2010.
• Karl Marx: Introduction to A Contribution to the Critique of Hegel's
Philosophy of Right, in: Deutsch-Franzosische Jahrbucher, February
1844
• Wheen, Francis. Marx's Das Kapital, (Atlantic Books, 2006)
• Norton, Mary Beth. “A People And A Nation A History Of The United
States Volume One To 1877 Sixth Edition (Book).” Boston, New York:
Houghton Mifflin Company, 2001