FINISH CH. PREVIEW
PORTFOLIOS
Describe
the last time you or one of
you family members spent time in a
medical facility. What type of facility
was used? What was your
experience?
BOARD ASSIGNMENT
Health Care
Systems
Facts about Health Care in the US
Health Care is one of the
largest and fastest growing
industries in the US
The Health Care industry
employs over 10 million
workers in over 20 careers
Health Care is a 2 billion
dollar per day business
Hospitals
•Vary in size and type of services
•Classified by types of services
provided
•Operate outpatient clinics for
patients who are not admitted
Types of Hospitals
General Hospitals
•Treat a wide range of conditions
Types of Hospitals
Specialty Hospitals
•Care for special conditions or age
groups
•Examples
• Texas Children’s
• MD Anderson
• Texas Women’s
• Orthopedic
Types of Hospitals
Government Hospitals
•Operated by federal, state and
local government agencies
Types of Hospitals
University Hospitals
•Provide hospital
services along with
research and
education
• Often offer free care in order to provide
learning for medical students
DO YOU THINK THERE
IS A NEED FOR SO
MANY DIFFERENT
TYPES OF HOSPITALS?
Why or why not?

From memory list and describe the different types
of hospitals discussed yesterday.
BOARD ASSIGNMENT
Long-term care facilities (LTCs or
LTCFs)
•Provide assistance and care for
elderly patients, individuals with
disabilities, handicaps, chronic or long
term illness
•Examples: assisted living and nursing
homes
Medical Offices
•Can be privately owned by one doctor, a
group of doctors or corporation, and be
general or specific
•Provide:
• Diagnosis
• Treatment
• Examinations
• Basic lab tests
• Minor surgeries
Dental Offices
•Can be privately owned by one dentist,
a group of dentists or corporation, and
be general or specific
• Provide dental
services
Clinics
•Group of doctors or dentist who share
a facility or provide special care
•Examples:
• Kelsey Seybold
• Rediclinic
Optical Centers
•Can be individual ophthalmologist or
optometrist, or part of a chain
Emergency Care Services
•Provide special care for victims of
accidents or sudden illness
Laboratories
•Usually part of another facility but can
operate as a separate health care
service
•Perform diagnostic tests
Home Health Care
•Designed to provide care in a patient’s
home
QUICK WRITE
When you get older and need continuous
care…would you rather be cared for at home or
in a long term care facility? Explain your answer.
Hospice
•Provide care for terminally ill persons
with life expectancies of 6 months or less
– directed toward allowing the person to
die with dignity and in comfort
Mental Health
•Treat patients with mental disorders
and diseases
• Provide:
• Guidance
• Counseling
• Chemical
abuse
treatment
Genetic Counseling Centers
•Work with couples or individuals who
are pregnant or considering a
pregnancy
Rehabilitation Facilities
•Provide care to help patients with
physical or mental disabilities care for
themselves
• Provide therapies:
• Physical
• Occupational
• Other
Health Maintenance Organizations (HMOs)
•Provide total health care directed toward
preventive health care
Industrial Health Care Centers
(occupational health clinics)
•Found in large companies or industries
School Health Services
•Found in schools and colleges
Government Agencies
World Health Organization (WHO)
•International agency sponsored by the
United Nations
US Department of Health and
Human Services (USDHHS)
•National agency that deals with
the health problems in the US
•Health Departments:
• Inspect for environmental
health
• Provide clinics
• Collect statistics
Centers for Disease Control
and Prevention:
•Located in Atlanta, GA
•Concerned with causes,
spread & control of diseases
(not research)
Occupational Safety and
Health Administration:
•Establishes & enforces
standards to protect workers
from job-related injuries
Voluntary or Nonprofit Agencies
• Supported by donations, membership
fees, fundraisers, and grants
• Services are NOT provided by
volunteers only
Health Insurance Plans
• Without insurance, the cost of an
illness can mean financial disaster
for an individual of family
• Does not pay total cost
• Varies:
• Payment amount
• Types of services covered
Health Care Insurance Terms
Deductible
Co-insurance
Co-payment
amount paid by the patient
for medical services before
the policy begins to pay;
money is essentially
deducted from the bill
specific percentages of
expenses shared by the
patient and insurance
company (80% - 20%)
specific amount of money a
patient pays for a particular
service ($20 office visit)
Types of Health Insurance Plans
2 main providers of managed care:
•Health Maintenance Organization (HMO)
• Restricted to using specific
hospitals and/or doctors
•Preferred Provider Organization (PPO)
• More flexibility in choosing
hospital/doctor, but more expensive
than HMO
Other providers:
• Medicare – federal program
for people over 65
• Medicaid – state program for
medical assistance
• Low income families
• Physically disabled
• Blind
Other providers:
• State Children’s Health
Insurance Program (SCHIP)
• Worker’s Compensation –
health insurance plan
providing treatment for
workers injured on the job
• TRICARE – for military and
their families
WHAT DO YOU THINK ABOUT
THE RISING COST OF HEALTH
CARE?
Trends in
Health Care
Cost Containment – trying to control
the rising cost of health care and
achieving the maximum benefit for
every dollar spent
Reasons for high health care costs:
• Technological Advances
• Aging Population
• Increase in Health Related Lawsuits
Methods of Cost Containment
• Diagnostic Related Groups (DRGs)
• Government plan where
patients who are admitted to
the hospital with a certain
diagnosis are classified in one
payment class
• Combination of Services
• Outpatient Services
• Mass or Bulk Purchasing
• Early Intervention and Preventative
Services
• Energy Conservation
Home Health Care
•Shorter hospital stays and Diagnostic
Related Groups (DRGs) have created
need for providing care in the home
•Services:
• Homemaking
• Personal and
nursing care
• Physical therapy
Geriatric Care
•Care for the rapidly growing elderly
population (people are living longer)
Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (OBRA)
1987 – led to development of many regulations
regarding long term care and home health care
Requires:
b) continuing education, periodic evaluation of
performance and retesting if out more than 2
years
c) compliance with patients rights
guidelines to ensure rights are observed
and enforced
Telemedicine
Uses video, audio and
computer systems to provide
medical and/or health care
services
Wellness
• State of being in optimum
health
• Recognize the importance
of exercise, good nutrition,
weight control and healthy
living habits (lifestyle
choices)
Alternative and
Complementary
Methods of Health
Care
Office of Alternative Medicine (OAM)
• Established at the National Institute of
Health in 1992 because of the
increased use of alternative and
complementary therapies
• Researches various therapies and
determines standards of quality care
• Does not create laws
Alternative Therapy
•Methods of treatment
that are used in place of
biomedical therapies
Complimentary Therapy
•May be given along with
traditional medicine; not a
replacement
Holistic Health Care
•Promotes physical,
emotional & social wellbeing
Therapeutic Touch
•Belief that illness is an
imbalance in one’s
energy field
•Place hands on/near
patient to manipulate
energy field
Chiropractors
•Emphasize diagnosis,
treatment & prevention of
mechanical disorders of
musculoskeletal system,
especially the spine
Acupressure
•Fingers press into
specific points along
meridians in body to
stimulate & balance the
flow of energy
Acupuncture
•Needles inserted to
relieve pain, treat
infertility & disease, and
to promote general
health
National Health Care Plan
Goal is to ensure that all
Americans can get health
coverage
Other points to remember…
•If a patient is under 18, parental
consent must be given for either
physical or mental treatment
•Health care workers must understand
functions/goals of organization; may
consult organizational chart for chain
of command
Other points to remember…
•Patients have the right to choose the
type of health care they wish to receive
(workers must respect this)
•All facilities require different health
care workers at all levels of training