African
Civilization
and Culture
African Civilization
and Culture:
Influenced by
trade, technology
and religion
Label on Africa Map
Med. Sea
Red Sea
Atlantic Ocean
Indian Ocean
Nile River
Niger R.
Zambezi R.
Limpopo R.
Congo R.
Ethiopian Highlands
Madagascar
Sahara Desert – outline, lightly shade
Sahel – “Coastline”
Equator
Arabian Peninsula
Europe
- Kingdom of Aksum
Asia
- Kingdoms of Ghana,
Mali and Songhay
- Zimbabwe
Spread of Islam
Trans-Saharan trade
allowed for spread of
Islam to sub-Saharan
Africa.
Trade
Trans-Saharan trade
routes connected Med.
Sea & sub-Saharan
Africa.
Sub-Saharan Africa
Region of Africa
below/south of Sahara
Desert
Africa
500 B.C. – 1500A.D.
Importance of Family
Extended Family =
Grandparents, aunts,
uncles, cousins
Clan = All sharing
common ancestors
Traditional Religion
Many believed in one
creator, along with
Animism = spirits in
animals, plants &
natural forces
Quick Review Map
Kingdom of Aksum – A.D. 300-700
Location
Near Ethiopian highlands,
Nile river& Red Sea
- Terrace agriculture
Trade
Major trade kingdom
between Rome & India
King Ezana
King of Aksum –
Expanded territory, &
adopted Christianity
Decline
Aksum displaced and
declines following Muslim
invasion
Quick Review Map
Bantu Migrations – 500 B.C.-A.D. 1500
http://www.eduplace.com/kids/socsci/ca/books/bkf
3/imaps/AC_06_206_bantu/AC_06_206_bantu.ht
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Bantu = language family
1st Bantu-speaking lived in
West Africa
They migrated to South &
East Africa
Reasons for migrations
•Desertification – drying of land
•Slash & burn farming depleted
soil.
•overpopulation
West African Kingdoms of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai
Kingdoms located at edge
of Sahara Desert in West
Africa
Kingdoms grew rich from
two major trade items =
Gold and Salt!
City of Timbuktu was
center of learning in West
Africa. Site of a
large university
Islam eventually becomes
religion of west African
kingdoms.
Salt Mines
GMS
Sahara
Desert
Gold Mines
Mansa Musa
• Great Mali King
• Famous pilgrimage
to Mecca
Quick Review Map
Kingdom Zimbabwe and city of Great Zimbabwe – A.D. 1000’s –1400’s
Located in southeast Africa
along Indian Ocean coast.
Between Zambezi &
Limpopo Rivers
Location linked inland
gold fields & Coastal trade
cities
Capital city = Great
Zimbabwe – center of
wealth and prosperity in
Southeast Africa
Quick Review Map
Major African
Language Families
Back
Trans-Saharan Trade Routes
Sub-Saharan
Africa
Back
Spread of Islam
Africa
500 B.C. – 1500A.D.
Importance of Family
Trade
Traditional Religion
Sub-Saharan Africa
Word Bank
Africa Quiz
500 B.C. – 1500A.D.
Match these kingdoms with their locations
on the map.
1.____ Aksum
2.____ Ghana, Mali, Songhai
3.____ Zimbabwe
4.Which religion did the Kingdom
of Aksum adopt? _________________
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
17. _____
18. _____
19. _____
20. _____
Sahara Desert
Niger River
Congo River
Zambezi River
Ezana
terrace
Hajj
Islam
Trans-Saharan
slash & burn
animism
Christianity
Inter-Africa
11. The kingdoms of Ghana, Mali,
and Songhai depended on
which two main trade items.
_____________ & ______________
C
Aksum is located between which two
trade regions? _____________________
Aksum was displaced by the spread of
____________ along the east coast of
Africa.
Who was the most famous king of
Aksum? ________________________
What farming method did the use to
adapt to the landscape? ______________
Who was the most famous king of Mali?
_________________________________
For which trip is he best known?
_________________________________
Monotheism
Cyrus
Mansa Musa
Judaism
Sub-Saharan
B
12. Which of the following cities
was known for its major
university and being a center
of Islamic scholarship?
Circle one: Tours, Timbuktu, Uruk
13. The region of Africa south of
the Sahara desert?
_____________________________
14. Which trade kingdom was
located on the southeast coast
of Africa? _______________
A
21. _____ Limpopo River
25. _____ Arabian Peninsula
22. _____ Red Sea
26. _____ Madagascar
23. _____ Nile River
27. _____ Sahel (Label on map)
24. _____ Mediterranean Sea
15. What is the type of religion that
believes in spirits in animals,
plants, & natural forces?
__________________
16. Trade across the Sahara Desert
is called
__________________ Trade.
Africa Quiz
500 B.C. – 1500A.D.
Word Bank
Match these kingdoms with their locations
on the map.
1. ____ Aksum
2. ____ Ghana, Mali, Songhai
3. ____ Zimbabwe
4. Which religion did the Kingdom
of Aksum adopt? _________________
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Aksum is located between which two
trade regions? _____________________
Aksum was displaced by the spread of
____________ along the east coast of
Africa.
Who was the most famous king of
Aksum? ________________________
What farming method did the use to
adapt to the landscape? ______________
Who was the most famous king of Mali?
_________________________________
For which trip is he best known?
_________________________________
17. _____
18. _____
19. _____
20. _____
Sahara Desert
Niger River
Congo River
Zambezi River
21. _____ Limpopo River
25. _____ Arabian Peninsula
22. _____ Red Sea
26. _____ Madagascar
23. _____ Nile River
27. _____ Sahel (Label on map)
24. _____ Mediterranean Sea
Monotheism
Cyrus
Mansa Musa
Judaism
Sub-Saharan
Ezana
terrace
Hajj
Islam
Trans-Saharan
slash & burn
animism
Christianity
Inter-Africa
11. The kingdoms of Ghana, Mali,
and Songhai depended on
which two main trade items.
_____________ & ______________
12. Which of the following cities
was known for its major
university and being a center
of Islamic scholarship?
Circle one: Tours, Timbuktu, Uruk
13. The region of Africa south of
the Sahara desert?
_____________________________
14. Which trade kingdom was
located on the southeast coast
of Africa? _______________
15. What is the type of religion that
believes in spirits in animals,
plants, & natural forces?
__________________
16. Trade across the Sahara Desert
is called
__________________ Trade.
Africa
500 B.C. – 1500A.D.
Kingdom of Aksum – A.D. 300-700
Location
Trade
King Ezana
Decline
Bantu Migrations – 500 B.C.-A.D. 1500
Reasons for migrations
West African Kingdoms of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai – 800-1500
Kingdom Zimbabwe and city of Great Zimbabwe – A.D. 1000’s –1400’s
Mansa Musa – Great king of Mali; made pilgrimage to Mecca
Great Zimbabwe
Great Zimbabwe
Capital city of Zimbabwe
Quick Review Map
Steles of Aksum
Terrace Farming
Back
Trans-Saharan Trade Routes
Through West African Kingdoms
Back to Africa
Back to salt
Spread of Islam to
Sub-Saharan Africa
Two Mosques at Timbuktu
Back
Remains of great university at
Timbuktu
Salt comes from the north, gold from the south,
and silver from the country of the white men,
but the word of God and the treasures of
wisdom are only to be found in Timbuktu.
An old West African proverb
Back
Spread of Islam
Throughout Africa
Back
Salt Mines
Gold Mines
Back
Salt Mines
Gold Mines
Back
Sahara Desert
•
•
•
•
•
•
World’s largest desert
3.5 million square miles
Next largest = Arabian – 900,000 sq. mi.
Avg. temp = 86 degrees
Hottest months = more the 120’s
Highest recorded = 136 degrees
Back
Spread of Islam
Trans-Saharan trade
Trade
Trans-Saharan trade
routes connected Med.
Sea & sub-Saharan
Africa.
Sub-Saharan Africa
Africa
500 B.C. – 1500A.D.
Importance of Family
Extended Family =
Clan = All sharing
common ancestors
Traditional Religion
Many believed in one
creator, along with
Animism = spirits in
animals, plants &
natural forces
Kingdom Zimbabwe and city of Great Zimbabwe – A.D. 1000’s –1400’s
Located in southeast Africa
along Indian Ocean coast.
Location linked inland gold
fields & Coastal trade cities
Capital city = Great
Zimbabwe –
Kingdom of Aksum – A.D. 300-700
Location
Trade
Major trade kingdom
between Rome & India
King Ezana
King of Aksum –
Decline
Aksum displaced and
declines following Muslim
invasion
Mansa Musa's famous hajj (pilgrimage) placed him in history and in the attention of the
entire European and Islamic world. About the time that the Aztecs began building
Tenochtitlan, the and the Ottoman Turks began the creation of their empire, Mansa Musa
began his obligatory hajj to Mecca in 1324 with an impressive company. In his caravan
he brought sixty-thousand people dressed in fine silk and eighty camels carrying two
tons of gold. Among this throng Mansa Musa had twelve-thousand servants, five hundred
of which carried staffs of gold. If this entourage had not caught the attention of the
countries he crossed through, his generous giving would. Wherever he went he gave gold
to the needy as given is required by a pillar of Islam. In Cairo he gave so much gold that
in Egypt its value did not recover for twelve years.
Back
Aksum connects Rome and India through trade
Back
West African Kingdoms of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai – 800- 1500
Kingdoms located at edge
of Sahara Desert in ______
______________________
Kingdoms grew rich from
two major trade items =
_____________________!
City of Timbuktu was
center of learning in West
Africa. Site of a
______________________
______eventually becomes
religion of _____________
______________________
______________________
Salt Mines
GMS
Sahara
Desert
Gold Mines
Mansa Musa
• _________________
• Famous pilgrimage
to ______________
Quick Review Map
West African Kingdoms of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai
Kingdoms located at edge
of Sahara Desert in ______
______________________
Kingdoms grew rich from
two major trade items =
_____________________!
City of Timbuktu was
center of learning in West
Africa. Site of a
______________________
______eventually becomes
religion of _____________
______________________
______________________
Mansa Musa
• _________________
• Famous pilgrimage
to ______________
Quick Review Map