Semester A Exam 2014: Review
You should do your best to include the listed Critical content points/relevant details in composing your exam essays.
It cannot be stressed enough that responses to possible essay questions require DETAIL. Please consult the chart
below for a dutiful understanding of the guiding questions, their sub-set queries, and content points/details.
Simply, if you can respond in essay form to the following guiding questions, their subordinate queries, using the listed
content details, you should be able to maximize points earned. Questions 1-5 have been completed for you. What
would be the sub-set/subordinate questions and their critical content points for questions 6 – 10? Please come
up with a comprehensive list for work-shopping with your peers.
GUIDING QUESTIONS
1. Assess the reasons
why Greece had
gained
independence from
the Ottoman
Empire.
SUB-SET/SUBORDONATE
QUESTIONS
(Note: Not all require a
response in the course of
your essay; but should be
considered in regard to the
way in which they assist –
or do not assist – the
construction of your
argument)
The Greek revolt began in
what year and for what
reasons?
For what reason(s) did the
Egyptian Pasha,
Muhammad Ali, Great
Britain, France, and Russia
get involved?
What was the result of
foreign involvement and for
what reason(s)?
CRITICAL CONTENT
POINTS/RELEVANT DETAILS (Note:
Not all require mention; but should be
considered in reference to the
historiography you intend to provide)
* Alexandros Yipsilantis
* Philiki Etaireia
* Georgios Kountourotis
* Ibrahim Pasha
* George Canning
* Lord Palmerstone
* The Peloponnese
* Russian, British, French, Egyptian
intervention
* First and Second Treaty of London
* The Treaty of Adrianople (1829)
* Battle of Navarino Bay
* Philhellenism
* Lord Byron
* The London Conference
* The London Protocol
* The Treaty of Constantinople (1832)
SELF
ASSESSMENT:
Am I prepared to
respond
comprehensively
? How do I
know? What will
I include and
why?
2. For what reasons,
and with what
results, did
Muhammad Ali
succeed in
establishing and
maintaining himself
as ruler of Egypt?
How and why did
Muhammad Ali consolidate
power in Egypt?
How and why did Ali gain
favor/disfavor of the
Egyptians? Which
Egyptians?
How and by what methods
did Ali expand his power?
How and why did Ali garner
disdain of western Europe
and the Ottoman Empire?
How and why was disdain
manifested against Ali?
What was the result of Ali’s
reign?
* Selim III
* Napolena Bonaparte’s military
* The Mamlukes (Mamluke Massacre)
* The Wahabis (Wahabi War)
* The fellaheen
* Ibrahim Pasha
* The Greek War for Independence
* Syria
* The 1st and 2nd Turko-Egypto Wars
* Monopolization and modernization
* Egyptian cotton
* Ali’s successors
* French and British influence
3. How and why did
the major powers
intervene against
Muhammad Ali in
the 1830s?
How did Ali threaten
Ottoman territorial
integrity and why?
Why did the major powers
find Ali’s endeavors
threatening to their own
stability?
Which major powers were
involved in EgyptoOttoman affairs during the
reign of the Ali dynasty and
why?
4. Assess the Ottoman
Empire’s role in the
outbreak of the
Crimean War.
Who was the Ottoman
sultan during the Crimean
War?
Who were the major
players in the Crimean
War?
What conditions compelled
the major players towards
war?
Did the Czar Nicholas’
demands undermine
Ottoman authority?
What were the major
battles in the Crimean War?
What made the Crimean
war unique and the first of
its kind?
What role did innovation
play in the outbreak of the
Crimean war or the players
involved?
* Selim III
* Napolena Bonaparte’s military
* The Mamlukes
* The Wahabis
* Ibrahim Pasha
* The Greek War for Independence
* Syria
* The 1st and 2nd Turko-Egypto Wars
* Monopolization and modernization
* Egyptian cotton
* London Convention of 1839
* Straits Convention of 1841
* The Treaty of Hunkiar Iskalessi
* Ali’s successors
* French and British influence
* Alexandria railway
* Beirut and Alexandria
* The Suez Canal
* Sultan Abdulmecid I
* Czar Nicholas I
* Napolean III
* Lord Palmerston
* Statford Canning (Stratford de
Radcliffe)
* Protection of Christians and
Christian shrines in the Holy Land
* The Vienna Conference
* The invasion of the Danubian
Provinces
* The Black Sea
* The Danube River
* The Battle of Sinop
* Military technology
* The Vienna Note
* Moldavia and Wallachia
* Bessarabia
* The Treaty of Paris (1856)
5. Assess the impact of
the Tanzimat
reforms upon the
Ottoman Empire.
6.
Examine the impact of
major European
powers on the
Ottoman Empire
between 1850 and
1880.
7.
To what extent had
communal tensions
led to the outbreak of
the Lebanese Civil
War?
What were the Tanzimat
reforms?
In what ways, specifically,
did the Tanzimat reforms
affect the Ottoman military,
education system, legal
system, political
administration, socioeconomic structure,
religious sects, as well as
land distribution/use
(particularly in Mount
Lebanon)?
What were the advantages
and disadvantages of the
Tanzimat reforms and to
whom?
*Re-organization
* Modernization/Westernization
* Mahmud II
* Abdulmecid I
* The Noble Rescript
* The Gulhane Decree
* The Imperial Rescript
* The Tanzimat Land Code of 1858
* The Ottoman Penal Code of 1858
* Sharia Courts vs Milliya
* The Janissaries
* Ulema
8.
To what extent did
Lebanon gain
autonomy as a result
of the 1861
settlement?
9.
Abdul Hamid II is best
described as an
“enlightened despot.”
To what degree do
you agree or disagree
with this argument?
10. Analyze the impact of
the CUP upon the
Ottoman Empire
during the first
decades of the 20th
century.