Matter
Properties and Changes
Properties of Matter
• Physical properties: Any
characteristic of a material you
can observe without changing
the identity of the substances in
the material
• Two separate categories of
physical properties:
• Behavior: what it can do
–Examples: magnetism,
ductility, malleability,
thickness, density
• Appearance: what you can
see about it
–Examples: color, size, shape,
mass, temperature
• Chemical property: a
characteristic of a substance
that indicates whether it can
undergo a certain chemical
change
• Examples: flammability,
reaction to light, how it bonds
with other substances
Topsail Science
Physical and Chemical Properties
Classify the following as either
chemical property (cp) or a physical
property (pp).
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Red color
Density
Flammability
Solubility
Reacts with acid to
form hydrogen
6. Supports combustion
7. Bitter taste
8. Melting point
9. Reacts with water to
form a gas
10.Reacts with a base to
form water
11.Hardness
12.Boiling point
13.Can neutralize a base
14.Luster
15.Odor
Classify the following as either
chemical property (cp) or a physical
property (pp).
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Red color
PP
Density
PP
Flammability
CP
Solubility
PP
Reacts with acid to
form hydrogen
CP
6. Supports combustion
CP
7. Bitter taste
PP
8. Melting point
PP
9. Reacts with water to
form a gas
CP
10.Reacts with a base to
form water
CP
11.Hardness
PP
12.Boiling point
PP
13.Can neutralize a base
CP
9. Luster
PP
10.Odor
PP
Physical Change
• ANY change that does NOT
change the identity of the material
–Examples: ripping in two,
growing, freezing, melting,
boiling, condensing,
demagnetizing, temperature
change, etc.
• A special use of physical change:
distillation
–Used to separate a liquid from a
mixture.
–Boiling the liquid will cause it to
evaporate
–Evaporated liquid is made to
condense elsewhere, leaving
behind whatever was mixed in it
• Some clues that a chemical
change has occurred:
–it produces:
•Light and/or heat (energy)
•Any physical change
•Sound
•A different smell
•Bubbles (a gas) or precipitates
(a solid) appear
•the only sure way to
test if a chemical
change has occurred:
•a new substance has
been produced
Mark and Molly
Chemical and Physical Changes
Classify the following as examples of a physical
change (PC), chemical change (CC) , or both (B).
1. Sodium hydroxide dissolves water.
2. Hydrochloric acid reacts with sodium hydroxide to
produce a salt, water and heat.
3. A pellet of sodium is sliced in two.
4. Water is heated and changed to steam.
5. Potassium chlorate decomposes to potassium
chloride and oxygen gas.
6. Iron rusts.
7. Ice melts.
8. Acid on limestone produces carbon dioxide gas.
9. Milk sours.
10. Wood rots.
Classify the following as examples of a physical
change (PC), chemical change (CC) , or both (B).
1. Sodium hydroxide dissolves water. - PC
2. Hydrochloric acid reacts with sodium hydroxide to
produce a salt, water and heat. - CC
3. A pellet of sodium is sliced in two. - PC
4. Water is heated and changed to steam. - PC
5. Potassium chlorate decomposes to potassium
chloride and oxygen gas. - CC
6. Iron rusts. - CC
7. Ice melts. - PC
8. Acid on limestone produces carbon dioxide gas. CC
9. Milk sours. - CC
10. Wood rots. - CC
• The Law of Conservation of Mass:
during a chemical change, no
matter is created or destroyed, it is
only changed.
• Therefore, the mass of all
substances before a chemical
change equals the mass of all
substances after a chemical
change