Chapter 9 -
Transforming the Economy,
1800-1860
Samuel Slater
Wage slaves
Cotton gin
Topic/Objective: With the acceleration of a national and international market economy, Americans debated the scope of government’s role in the economy, while diverging economic systems meant that regional political and economic loyalties continued to overshadow national concerns. (Period 4, IC)
Interchangeable parts
Name:
Class/Period:
Date:
Essential Question: How did Americans struggle with how to match republican ideals to the new social and economic realities? (Period 4, II; Pol-3) How did the Second Great Awakening foster the rise of voluntary organizations to promote religious and secular reforms? (Period 4, IIA)
Vocabulary: Introduction: What factors led to the Industrial Revolution in the U.S.?
Who is the new Monarchy referred to by Emerson?
The American Industrial Revolution – when?
Commonwealth system
The Division of Labor and the Factory – How does the division of labor create lower production costs?
As production costs are lowered, what should happen to market prices?
What does this mean for the average “unskilled” worker?
The Textile Industry and British Competition – British attempts to protect their economy
American and British Advantages – British Advantages over US
How does a tariff protect a business?
Why would the southern planters be upset about the tariffs? (To answer this, think about what types of products were protected by tariffs and where those products are being made)
Better Machines, Cheaper Workers – Boston Manufacturing Company (Who, what)
Who worked in the Lowell Mills?
Describe their life and working conditions
How were the Lowell Mills able to undersell their British and American rivals?
American Mechanics & Technological Innovation Contributions of the Sellars family along with Eli Whitney
How will the American Industrial Revolution affect America’s “place” in the world?

Financial panic
Canal
Robert Fulton
The Clermont
Free Workers From Unions – the reality of “self-ownership” –
Why did these workers form Unions?
Why would unskilled laborers face lower wages and less job stability?
Do you agree that labor unions should be viewed as “illegal combinations”?
Labor Ideology How did Commonwealth v. Hunt conflict with the current theory of the time regarding labor?
The Market Revolution – The importance of the “Midwest”
The Transportation Revolution Forges Regional Ties – Congressional efforts to increase settlement in the Midwest
Location and significance of the National (Cumberland) Road –
Canals and Steamboats Shrink Distance – Erie Canal – where and when?
3 reasons for success:
Ecological consequences of Erie Canal
Economic rewards
Social changes of the new transportation system
Gibbons v. Ogden (look up a brief summary of the case) Why is this significant?
Railroads Link the North and Midwest – America is now connected by a system of canals and RR’s, causing untold economic and social change. In YOUR OPINION, which is more significant; the economic boom created by the Industrial Revolution OR the social stratification created by the Industrial Revolution? Explain
The Growth of Cities and Towns – what would be the differences between the northern and Midwestern cities?
What led to the growth of cities?
New Social Classes and Cultures – Your author claims that “industrialization posed a momentous challenge to America’s republican ideals” – BEFORE reading the next section, what do you believe he means? Do you agree?

Self-made man
Second Great Awakening
Temperance
The Business Elite – How did the distribution of wealth change from 1800 to 1860?
Tax structure – who bears the burden of taxes?
How did this affect the settlement patterns of cities?
The Middle Class – professions
Lifestyle of the new middle class –
Influence of Benjamin Franklin -
Urban Workers and the Poor – types of jobs, pay over time, lifestyle
Living conditions in inner-city slums
The Benevolent Empire – definition
How are these social reformers reacting to the world around them?
Issues battled –
Why would workers oppose these efforts?
Charles Grandison Finney: Revivalism & Reform – beliefs and movement
Evangelical Beliefs- why was Finney so successful?
Why would the poor and Irish ignore the message?
Immigration and Cultural Conflict – wave of immigration
Problems with the Irish
Nativist movement – define and provide reasoning for its resurgence
Summary: How did Americans struggle with how to match republican ideals to the new social and economic realities? (Period 4, II; Pol-3)