Sacramental Theology
Lex orandi, part ii
Review of Last week: Sacraments of
Initiation
• Baptism: Sign of Cross, Liturgy of Word,
prayers, exorcism, oil of catechumens,
epiclesis over the water, Profession of faith,
baptism, post-baptismal anointing, white
garment and candle, Our Father, Blessing
• Confirmation: Renewal of Vows, Epicletic
prayer, anointing with words, peace
Baptism and Confirmation in the
Context of Adult Initiation
• Catechumenate: Rite of Acceptance (Sign of
the Cross), Oil of Catechumens, Election,
Scrunities (linked with exorcisms)
• Baptism: Litany, Epiclesis over Water,
Profession of Faith, Baptism, [Baptismal
garment], candle…
• Confirmation: Prayer, Anointing with words,
Peace with you…
The Eucharist
• Liturgy of the Word: Introductory Rites
(Introit, Penitential, [Gloria], Collect, Readings,
Creed, Prayer of the Faithful
• Liturgy of the Eucharist: Preparation of the
Gifts (Procession, Prayers over gifts),
Anaphora (Preface, Epiclesis, Institution,
Anamnesis, Petitions)
• Communion: Our Father, Lamb of God,
Procession and Chant, Collect and dismissal
Key points on the sacraments of
healing
• The sacrament of Reconciliation developed over
time and has varied in form. It now involves
contrition, confession (and absolution) and
satisfaction.
• Anointing of the sick can be given to anyone who
is seriously ill who has reached the age of reason.
• Anointing with oil on the forehead along with the
sacramental form constitute the sacrament
The sacrament of Reconciliation
• 1440-1445: The ecclesial nature of penance
• 1446-1449: The sacrament has taken many forms
through the centuries, from orders of penitents to
auricular confession (7th century Irish missionaries)
• 1450-1460: Contrition (perfect and imperfect),
confession (number and kind—mortal sins confessed at
least once a year), satisfaction/penance (trying to right
the wrong)
• 1461-1467: Minister of the sacrament bishop and
those priests that he delegates; excommunication and
reserved sins
• The role of priest as servant of mercy, not its master
Reserved sins
• To the Pope: desecrating the Holy Eucharist,
an attack against the Pope, ordination of a
bishop without an Papal mandate, direct
violation of the seal of confession, absolution
of an accomplice in a sin against the sixth
commandment
• To the bishop: most prominent is abortion
(the faculty is usually extended) and others
The rite of penance itself
•
•
•
•
Rite One (individual penitents)
Rite Two (several penitents with individual absolution)
Rite Three (general absolution)
Prayer: God, the Father of Mercies, through the death
and resurrection of his Son has reconciled the world to
Himself and sent the Holy Spirit among us for the
forgiveness of sins; through the ministry of the Church
may God give you pardon and peace, and I absolve you
from your sins in the name of the Father, and of the
Son, and of the Holy Spirit.
Rite One
•
•
•
•
•
•
Sign of the Cross
Invitation to confession
Liturgy of the Word (optional)
Confession (Counsel, penance)
Act of Contrition and Absolution
Dismissal (Gives thanks…The Lord has freed
you from your sins, go in peace.)
Rite Two
•
•
•
•
•
•
Song, Greeting, Collect
Liturgy of the Word
Penitential act, prayers
Individual confession
Concluding prayer, blessing and dismissal
Rite Three only to be used in emergencies
The Anointing of the Sick
• 1511-1513 : Not a sacrament of the dying, but
of the sick (even if the development seemed
to move in that direction)
• 1514-1519: Who can receive?: A person who
has reached the age of reason, before a
serious surgery, the seriously ill and the
elderly. The sick person should request it.
The Rite of Anointing of the Sick
•
•
•
•
•
Greeting, Sprinkling with Holy Water
Instruction, Penitential Rite/Confession
Liturgy of the Word, Prayer of the Faithful
Thanksgiving over oil, Laying on of hands, anointing
Through this holy anointing may the Lord in His love
and mercy help you with the grace of the Holy Spirit.
• May the Lord who frees you from sin save you and
raise you up.
• Prayer (communion can follow)
Key points on the sacraments of
healing
• The sacrament of Reconciliation developed over
time and has varied in form. It now involves
contrition, confession (and absolution) and
satisfaction.
• Anointing of the sick can be given to anyone who
is seriously ill who has reached the age of reason.
• Anointing with oil on the forehead along with the
sacramental form constitute the sacrament
Key points on Holy Orders
• Laying of hands and prayer of consecration are
essential for this sacrament.
• The form of the sacrament looks like this:
Presentation, Election, litany, essential form,
vesting, kiss of peace.
• There are three grades of holy orders.
The Catechism on Holy Orders
• 1554: Threefold separation of orders goes back to the
apostles, priest only refers to bishop and presbyter.
• 1555-1561: The bishop receives the fullness of the
sacrament of order, he is the successor to the apostles,
threefold munus of teaching, governing and sanctifying,
member of the episcopal college
• 1562-1568: Presbyters are co-workers in the episcopal
order, they are signed with a character to act in the name
of Christ the head and bound to the bishop. They preside
over the Eucharist in the absence of the bishop and form a
presbyteral body
• 1569-1571: Deacons are ordained to ministry and
configured to Christ the servant
The Catechism on Orders (cont.)
• 1572-1574: Imposition of Hands is essential,
other rites : Presentation and election,
Instruction by Bishop.
• Particular rites for bishop and priest: anointing
with Chrism. Particular for a bishop: Gospel
book, ring, croiser, miter. Particular for a priest:
chalice and paten
• 1575-1580: Bishops are the proper ministers of
holy orders. Baptized men called by their bishop
receive them. Celibacy is seen as a special gift.
The Rite of Orders itself
• Ordination of bishop: Veni Creator
• Presentation, Homily and Election (obedience, prayer,
[celibacy])
• Litany of Saints
• Laying on of hands, prayer of consecration
• Vesting, Peace
• Vesting for deacon: stole and dalmatic, book of gospels
• Vesting for priest: stole and chasuble, anointing of hands,
chalice and paten
• Vesting for bishop: book of gospels after laying on of hands,
anointing the head, book of Gospels, ring, croiser miter,
seating of the bishop
The Rite of Orders itself (cont.)
• Consecratory prayers:
• Deacon: Emitte in eos Domine, quaesumus,
Spiriturn Sanctum, quo in opus ministerii
fideliter exsequendi munere septiformis tuae
gratiae roborentur
• Pour out in them, O Lord, we pray, the Holy
Spirit. May they be strengthened by your
seven-fold gift of grace in order to carry out
faithfully the work of ministry.
The Rite of Orders itself
• Priest: Da, quaesumus, omnipotens Pater, his famulis
tuis Presbyterii dignitatem; innova in visceribus eorum
Spiritum sanctitatis; acceptum a te, Deus, secundi
meriti munus obtineant, censuramque morum exemplo
suae conversationis insinuent.
• Give, we pray, almighty Father, these your servants the
dignity of the presbyterate; renew in them the same
Spirit of holiness; may that Spirit be given by you, O
God, that they obtain the office of the second rank of
the sacrament of orders. May they carry out their
office and charge by the good example of their
behavior
The Rite of Orders itself
• Bishop: Et nunc effunde super hunc electum eam
virtutem, quae a te est, Spiritum principalem, quem
dedisti dilecto Filio Tuo Jesu Christo, quem ipse donavit
sanctis Apostolis, qui constituerunt Ecclesiam per
singula loca, ut sanctuarium tuum, in gloriam et
laudem indeficientem nominis tui
• And now, pour out on this elect your power: the Spirit
of primacy that you gave to Your Son Jesus Christ,
which He gave to the Holy Apostles, that they might
constitute the Church in particular places so that the
praise and glory of your name may never cease.
Key points on Holy Orders
• Laying of hands and prayer of consecration are
essential for this sacrament.
• The form of the sacrament looks like this:
Presentation, Election, litany, essential form,
vesting, kiss of peace.
• There are three grades of holy orders.
The Sacrament of Matrimony in the
Catechism
• 1621-1624: The Latin Church’s theology of
marriage sees the couple as the ministers of the
sacrament
• 1625-1629: Consent of a man and woman free to
marry constitutes the sacrament
• 1630: The minister of the Church is simply a
witness
• 1631-1632: Normally Catholics are bound to
canonical form. Good marriage preparation is
vital.
The Sacrament of Matrimony in the
Catechism
• 1633: Mixed marriages are between two
Christians. Disparity of cult is between a
Christian and a non-Christian.
• 1634-1637: Permission from the Church is
needed for mixed marriages. Dispensation is
needed for disparity of cult for validity.
• There are great risks associated with marrying
a non-Catholic.
The Rite of Matrimony itself
• Questions: Freely choosing to marry, intent to
keep the covenant, openness to children
• Consent
• Blessing of Rings
• Intercessions…
• …Lord’s Prayer, In place of the Libera Nos is
the Nuptial Blessing of the Wife
Next week
• Paper due
• Apply the vocabulary word used for the first
paper to the ritual structure of an assigned
sacrament.
• Lex credendi
• Sacraments of Initiation