INDIVIDUAL SPORTS
FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE
FINAL EXAM IS WORTH 1/5TH (20%) OF YOUR SEMESTER GRADE
Golf for Beginners--The Basic Rules
Every time you take a swing at the golf ball, it is called a stroke. All strokes are added up, and the
person with the LOWEST number of strokes wins. A standard golf course has 18 holes, and a round of
golf can be either 9 or 18 holes.
You are allowed no more than 14 clubs on the course.
If you swing and miss the ball, it will count as a stroke. If the ball falls off the tee before you take a
swing you may replace it without penalty.
Loose natural objects (leaves, tree branches, rocks) may be moved on the course, while growing
vegetation (tree branches, bushes, tall grass) may not be moved, bent, or broken.
If you hit someone else's ball by accident, you will be penalized by two strokes.
The Basic Rules of Etiquette on the Golf Course
 Make sure that no one is in a position to be hit by your before you swing. If someone does appear
to be in the path of the ball call “fore”.

Your first couple games you will no doubt be slamming your club into the ground instead of the
ball. This can few make unsightly divots in the ground. If you do damage the green, you are
expected to repair it.
 While a golfer is addressing or hitting the ball, no one should talk or move.
Grip and Swing
 There is more than 1 way to grip a golf club. The overlapping grip is widely used. This grip places
the index finger between the ring and pinky finger of the player’s dominant hand.
 The golf swing begins once the player has addressed the ball and assumed a comfortable stance.
The player involves hips, arm and wrist, and feet pivot in his/her swing. These are incorporated in
the takeaway, the downswing, and the follow-through.
The Different Types of Clubs Used on the Golf Course
Woods
Woods club heads are usually made from titanium alloy steel, but are called woods because that is what
they were made of in the past. There are several different kinds of woods, but the kind you will find in
most golfers bags is the number, 1, 3, and 5-woods. Woods are made for distance.
The 1-wood is called the driver, the club you use to tee off and drive the ball down the fairway. This is
by far the most difficult club to get the hang of when starting out. It's usually the longest club, and
because of its weight and clumsiness, it can be difficult to control.
Irons
Irons are probably the second type of club you will use as you make your way towards the green.
They are called Irons because they are made of metal, mostly steel. These clubs have a flat face and are
shorter than the woods.
Lower numbered irons send the ball farther while staying lower. Higher numbered irons arc the ball into
the air. The ball generally lands without rolling.
Wedges
Wedges are similar to irons, but they are used for much shorter distances. These are used to get out of
sand traps, rough spots, or to pitch a short shot onto the green.Putters
Putters are used once you get to the green. There are several types of putters, but they all hold the
same function which is to put the ball into the hole once you've made it to the green. You don't want to
see any lift from the ball when putting. Usually these are delicate and slow shots in which the putter
moves in a straight line.
E
Fairway
C
Water
Hazard
A
Tees
B
Green
Terminology:
Ace- hole in one.
Address- The position taken by a player in preparing to start a stroke.
Approach- The shot take to get to the green
Birdie- One stroke under par
Bogey- Generally considered one stroke over par.
Eagle- Two strokes under par
Fore- A warning cry to any person in danger of being hit with a golf ball.
Honor- The right to play first, determined by lowest score on preceding hole.
Lie- The position of the ball, either good or bad.
Par- Generally considered perfect playing for a hole.
Round- A completed game of golf.
Stance- The player’s position in addressing the ball.
Stroke Play- Player taking lowest number of stokers is winner of the match.
Trap- A bed of sand which is a hazard.
Whiff- To miss the ball completely.
D
Sand
Trap
Bean Bags:
Two teams consisting of two people, termed partners, shall play. Partners shall stand at opposite boxes on opposite
sides (diagonal from each other). There should be 8 bags, 4 bags of each color. Each bag should be 6 inches by 6
inches and have 1 pound of corn or beans inserted into each bag. A player may throw from anywhere behind the
front of the bean bag board they are throwing from. Game continues by alternating throws between the two
opponent players until all 8 bean bags have been thrown. If a bean bag hits the ground then bounces up onto the
board, that bag shall be taken off the playing surface before the next bean bag is thrown. The bean bag game
continues until one team reaches 21 or more points. If one team reaches 11 points while the other team still has
not scored, the team with 11 wins the game. This is called a white wash.
A foul occurs when any of the following happens:
1. A player’s foot goes past the front of the bean bag boards, termed a foot foul.
2. A player goes out of turn.
3. The player who caused the foul loses the throw when the foul occurred and the bag shall be removed if it landed
on the playing surface.
Scoring:
The score shall be taken after all bean bags have been thrown for a round. Points shall be given as follows:





3 points for a bean bag that goes through the hole.
1 point for a bean bag that is on the playing surface.
1 point for a bean bag that is hanging into the hole.
1 point for a bean bag that is hanging off the edge but not touching the ground.
0 points for a bean bag that is on the playing surface, but also touching the ground.
An example of cancellation is as follows: Team one has 2 bags in the h bole and 1 bag on the board equaling 7
points (3 pts. + 3 pts. + 1 pt. = 7 pts). Team two has 1 bag in the hole and 1 bag on the board equaling 4 points
(3 pts. + 1 pt. = 4 pts.). The lowest score is subtracted from the highest score to get the points earned for team
one (7pts. - 4 pts. = 3pts.). Team one earns 3 points in this round and gets to throw first in the next round.
The team with the highest round score adds the difference of the two scores to their game score. The team
who wins the round is given honors to throw first in the next round. If both teams have the same round score
then the game score stays the same and honors stays with the team who had it the previous round.
Fitness Testing:
There are 4 main fitness tests we performed in our class including sit-up testing, sit and reach testing, pull-up
testing, and the mile run test.
Sit-Up testing is performed specifically to determine muscular endurance. Pull-Up testing is performed to
specifically determine muscular strength. Sit and Reach testing is performed to specifically determine flexibility.
Mile Run testing is performed specifically to determine Aerobic or Cardiovascular fitness levels. The Mile Run test
is measured by the time is takes a person to run four laps around the track. Before any track activities we walked
and stretched to prepare our bodies for a workout. This walking and stretching is considered a warm-up. In the
weeks prior to the mile run test we performed Interval Training by running the straight 100m portions of the track
and walking the curved 100m portions of the track in order to condition our bodies for the aerobic endurance test.
Basketball
All baskets are worth 2 points unless they are free throws (1 point) or three point shots.
A lay-up is a shot taken directly to the right or left of the hoop, and within close distance. A lay-up is a shot done on the
run and not stationary.
Once you stop dribbling you cannot dribble again or it is considered double dribbling.
If you step on the boundary lines you are considered out of bounds.
When two players have possession of the ball simultaneously it is considered a jump ball.
The acronym B.E.E.F. stands for balance, eyes, elbow, and follow-through and is used for shooting (free-throws, jump
shots, etc.). These are the four key fundamentals to a jump shot.
The first shot in the game of knockout is shot from the free-throw line.
The palm is the least significant body part used in dribbling.
A good defensive player uses his/her head and feet to play defense. Watching the opponents waist and moving the feet
as to not have to reach in or foul with the hands.
HISTORY OF PICKLE BALL
The history of pickleball began with the familiar summer whine that often causes parents to take drastic measures. In the
summer of 1965, “I’m bored” was chanted by the children of two families on Brainbridge Island in the Puget Sound area
of Washington. Two desperate dads, Bill Bell and Joel Pritchard, who just happened to be a US Congressman, invented a
game.
The game started on an asphalt badminton court in Pritchard’s backyard. However, no one could find the birdie. The dads
quickly improvised with a whiffle-type ball. The kids found it difficult to hit the 3-inch ball with the lightweight rackets.
Once again, necessity was the mother of invention. The dads made wooden rackets that resembled Ping-Pong paddles. As
the game evolved through the afternoon it was determined that players could hit the ball on the bounce as well as out of
the air.
Bell and Pritchard huddled to form a strategy to keep the kids interested in the game. They lowered the net from five feet
(badminton height) to three feet (tennis height). Now, they just had to solve a problem with the dog.
The whines of “I’m bored” had been replaced by kids yelling at the dog. Pickles, the Pritchard’s cocker spaniel took an
interest in the new game, particularly the ball. When he could get away with it, Pickles would fetch the ball and hide in
the bushes. Thus, he got the game named after him.
OFFICIAL PICKLE-BALL RULES
COURT
The size of the official Pickle-Ball court for both singles and doubles play is 20'x44'. This also is the dimensions of the
Badminton doubles court. The net is hung at 36" on the ends, and hangs 34" in the middle. When laying out a court, allow
adequate space at each end and sides of the court boundary lines for player movement. The Non-Volley Zone is 7' either
side of the Center Line and extends the full width of the court.
SERVE
1. Player must keep one foot behind the back line when serving.
2. The serve is made underhand.
3. The paddle must pass below the waist.
4. The server must hit the ball in the air on the serve. He/she is NOT allowed to bounce it, and then hit it.
5. The service is made diagonally across and must clear the non-volley zone.
6. Only one serve attempt is allowed, except if the ball touches the net on the serve and lands in the proper service court.
Then, the serve may be taken over. This is called a let serve.
SERVE in DOUBLES PLAY: At the start of each game, the first serving team is allowed only one fault before giving up
the ball to opponents. Thereafter, both members of each team will serve and fault before the ball is turned over to the
opposing team. When the receiving team wins the serve, the player in the right hand court will serve.
If the receiving team makes the fault, the serving team scores a point. When the serving team wins a point, its players will
switch courts and the same player will continue to serve. When the serving team makes its' first fault, players will stay in
the same court and the second partner will then serve. When they make their second fault they will stay in the same courts
and turn the ball over to the other team. Players switch courts only after scoring. A ball landing ON any line is considered
GOOD.
VOLLEY - To volley a ball means to hit it in the air without first letting it bounce. All volleying must be done with the
player's feet behind the non-volley zone. NOTE: It is a fault if the player steps over this line on his volley follow through.
DOUBLE BOUNCE RULE - Each team must play their first shot off the bounce. That is, the receiving team must let the
serve bounce, and the serving team must let the return of the serve bounce before playing it. After the two bounces have
occurred, the ball can be either volleyed or played off the bounce.
FAULTS –
A. Hitting the ball out of bounds
B. Not clearing the net
C. Stepping into the non-volley zone and volleying the ball
D. Volleying the ball before it had bounced once on each side of the net as outlined in the
double bounce rule
SCORING
A team shall score a point only when serving. A player who is serving shall continue to do so until his team makes a fault.
The game is played to eleven (11) points; however, a team must win by two (2) points.