Chapter 8: The Spirit of
Reform
Section 1: Jacksonian
America 1829-1837
Essential Question:
Champion of
the
“Common Man”?
OR
“King”
Andrew?
First Known Painting
of Jackson, 1815
General Jackson
During the Seminole
Wars
The Common Man’s
Presidential Candidate
1828 Election
Results
Voting Requirements
in the Early 19c
3
Increased
Democratization?
White male suffrage increased- no property
3
Caucus vs. national nominating convention
3
3
3
3
restrictions
Spoils system? Party loyalty and support
Rise of Third Parties- Whigs (England-limit
power of King)
Popular campaigning (parades, rallies, floats,
etc.)
Two-party system returned in the 1832
election:
 Dem-Reps  Natl. Reps.(1828)  Whigs
(1832)  Republicans (1854)
 Democrats (1828)
The Reign of “King
Mob”
The Nullification Crisis
British try to flood U.S. with cheap
goods; tariff raised 1824, 1828
• Vice-president John C. Calhoun
calls 1828 Tariff of Abominations
• •
Thinks South pays for North’s
prosperity; cotton prices low
• Calhoun devises nullification theory:
- states can reject laws they consider
unconstitutional
- states have right to leave Union if
nullification denied
The Webster-Hayne
Debate
Sen. Daniel
Webster
Union
[MA]
Sen. Robert
Hayne
States’
Rights
[SC]
South Carolina Rebels
• South Carolina declares 1828, 1832
tariffs null; threatens to secede
• Congress passes Force Bill: can use
army, navy against S. Carolina
• Henry Clay proposes tariff that lowers
duties over 10 years
Jacksonian Opposition
• Jackson Opposes the Bank
• Jackson vetoes bill to re-charter Second Bank of the
United States
• Presents bank as privileged institution that favors the
wealthy
• Pet Banks
• Jackson puts federal money in state banks loyal to
Democratic Party
• Whig Party Forms
• People unhappy with Jackson form Whig Party, back
American System
1832
Cartoon
Essential Question:
Champion of
the
“Common Man”?
OR
“King”
Andrew?
Results of the Specie
Circular
$ Banknotes loose their value.
$ Land sales plummeted.
$ Credit not available.
$ Businesses began to fail.
$ Unemployment rose.
The Panic of 1837!
The 1836 Election
Results
Dem- Martin Van
Buren
“Old Kinderhook”
[O. K.]
Indian Removal
3
Jackson’s Goal?
3
1830  Indian Removal Act
3
Cherokee Nation v. GA (1831)
* “domestic dependent nation”
3
Worcester v. GA (1832)
3
Jackson:
John Marshall has made his
decision, now let him enforce
it!
The Cherokee Nation
After 1820
Indian Removal
Trail of Tears (18381839)