CHAPTER 1
THE AMERICAN PEOPLE
SECTION 1: THE DIVERSITY OF AMERICANS
Starter:
What does equal rights mean to you?
Idea that all citizens have the right to vote, the
right to own property, the right to an education,
the right to run for elected office, and the right to
free speech.
What is Civics?
• Study of right & duties of citizens
• History: dates back 2500 years
– Ancient Greece & Rome
– Only men with property: right to vote and take part in
government
• Today citizenship not defined by race, property,
gender, etc.
• Why do you think women were not given rights
as citizens?
– They were considered inferior, uneducated, and
uninformed, or viewed as property.
E PLURIBUS UNUM
• Out of Many, One
• Diversity of
Americans coming
together to make a
single strong nation
• Melting Pot Theory
• More than 300 million
people live in the US
MANY TRADITIONS
• What do you think this
political cartoon
represent?
• Different immigrants
entering the US
• SALAD BOWL
THEORY
A NATION OF IMMIGRANTS
• First immigrants
• Perhaps were
Native Americans
• Traveled by way of
Beringia or the
present day Bering
Straight
Nation of Immigrants
• Spanish
• 1500’s
• Lived in what is now
Florida, California, and
the Southwest
• Before U.S. gain
independence from
England they also lived
in Tucson,
Albuquerque, San
Antonio, San Diego
Early Immigration
• 1600’s
• Came from France
and England
• French – Canada &
Mississippi River
• English immigrants
• East coast
• 13 Colonies
Early Immigration
• Late 1600’s & 1700’s
–
–
–
–
–
Germans
Netherlands
Ireland
Scotland
Sweden
• Joined the English
settlers along the East
Coast
After Independence
• United States gain
independence from
England
• Europeans 1860’s to
1890 more than 10
million
• DENMARK
• SWEDEN
• NORWAY
A Shift in Immigration
• 1890’s and 1924
• 22 million immigrants
• Southern and Eastern Europeans
– Italy, Greece, Norway, Sweden
FORCED IMMIGRATION
• 1618 to1808
• Western and Central
Africans
• Taken from homes,
shipped across Atlantic,
and sold as slaves in
Caribbean Islands
– In North and South
America
• In 1808 became illegal
• More than 500,000 into
the country.
Transforming America:
Shifting Population
• 1830-1930 120 million Immigrants
• 1850’s Rural to Cities
– Agri/Farming to Factory Jobs
– Today Factory to Service Industry
• Blue-collar workers
• Factory workers
• White-collar workers
• Offices, schools, stores, and other nonfactory
• 1980S-1990’s City to Suburbs
AMERICAN VALUES AND INSTITUTIONS
AMERICAN VALUES
• BASIC AMERICAN VALUES SHARED BY MOST AMERICAN
CITIZENS
– FREEDOM, EQUALITY, JUSTICE, OPPORTUNITY,
DEMOCRACY, UNITY, RESPECT & TOLERANCE
• SHARED VALUES - FOUND IN FOUNDING DOCUMENTS
– DECLARATION, US CONSTITUTION, BILL OF RIGHTS
– “LIFE, LIBERTY, AND THE PURSUIT OF HAPPINESS”
– POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY-GOVERNMENT BY CONSENT OF
THE GOVERNED—EQUAL JUSTICE UNDER LAW, MAJORITY
RULE THROUGH PEOPLE’S REPRESENTATIVES IN GOV’T
American Institutions
• IDEAS ABOUT RELATIONSHIPS,
OBLIGATIONS, ROLES, FUNCTIONS
– Family: Core of Social Life
– Religion: Churches, Temples
– Education: Society’s culture, History, Learning, Identity,
Personal growth
– Social Institutions: Clubs and Volunteer Service
– Government: Different Parts
BELL STATER
• WHAT DOES E PLURIBUS UNUM
STAND FOR?
• NAME THE THREE MOST IMPORTANT
DOCUMENTS FOR THE UNITED
STATES?
• DO NOT USE YOUR NOTES OR BOOK
Chapter1 Section 2
WHO ARE AMERICAN CITIZENS?
14th Amendment defines citizen as anyone
born or naturalized
Citizenship by Birth
• BORN IN
– 50 States, DC, and
territory like Puerto Rico,
Guam, & US Military
bases
• BORN SOMEWHERE
ELSE
– Both Parents Citizens
– One Parent Citizen &
Lived in US
• DUAL CITIZENSHIP
– Holds US and other
citizenship
NATURALIZATION
PROCESS
• Immigrants- people who
move permanently to new
country to gain citizenship
• Declaration of Intention (INS)
• Interview
• Citizenship Test
• Oath of Allegiance
• Citizenship gained over the
years
– 3 to 5 year process
CITIZENSHIP LIFELONG PRIVILEGE
• Most Americans keep
citizenship forever
• State can deny convicted
criminal of some
privileges
– voting
• Federal government can
strip citizenship if it’s gain
illegally
• 3 ways to lose citizenship
– DENATURALIZATION
• Through fraud naturalization
– EXPATRIATION
• Giving up citizenship by
leaving one’s country
– PUNISHMENT
• Crimes such as treason,
participation in a
rebellion and attempt to
overthrow government
through violent means.
Chapter 1 Section 3
Government & the People
What is government?
Ruling authority for a community or
society.
What services does our government
provide?
• PROVIDE LAWS OR RULE OF
CONDUCT
• KEEP ORDER
• PROVIDE SECURITY
• PROVIDE PUBLIC SERVICES
• GUIDE COMMUNITY
LEVELS OF GOVERNMENT
• NATIONAL
– 1
• STATE
– 50
• LOCAL
– 1000S
– COUNTY, CITY,
TOWN, TOWNSHIP,
VILLAGE
TYPES OF GOVERMENTS
FORMS OF GOVERNMENT CROSSWORD ACTIVITY
• DEMOCRATIC
– PEOPLE RULE THROUGH FAIR,
FREE ELECTIONS
• DIRECT DEMOCRACY
– citizens met debate government
matters and vote first-hand
• Representative Democracy
– Smaller group to representative,
make laws, and govern on citizens
behalf
• REPUBLIC
– Limited government; people are
the ultimate source of government
• Constitutional Monarchy
– Kings or Queens
• MAJORITY RULES
• AUTHORITARIAN
– RULERS RULE W/O
CONCERN FOR PEOPLE
• DICTATORISHIPS
– complete control over stateCuba, Iraq
• TOTALITARIAN REGIMES
– government control almost all
aspects of one’s life—China
and North Korea
• ABSOLUTE MONARCHY
– unlimited authority-Middle East
– CONTROL ALL ASPECTS OF
LIFE
Chapter 5 Section 1
Citizenship & Government in a Democracy
Duties vs. Responsibilities
WHAT’S THE DIFFERENCE?
WHAT’S THE DIFFERENCE?
DUTIES
RESPONSIBILITIES
• OBEY THE LAWS
• BE INFORMED
• SPEAK UP & VOTE
• RESPECT RIGHTS OF
OTHERS
– Most important
• PAY TAXES
• DEFEND THE NATION
– Military Services
• SERVE IN COURT
• ATTEND SCHOOL
– TOLERANCE
• CONTRIBUTE TO THE
COMMON GOOD
– VOLUNTEERISM
IDENTIFY THE FOLLOWING GOVERNMENTS
AS LOCAL, STATE OR NATIONAL
Local, State, or National
Local, State, or National
Local, State, or National
Local, State, or National
Local, State, or National
What are Communities?
• Is a group of people who share ideals and
values in a particular area
• To make the communities safe & successful it
must make good Public Policy.
• To make the community safe & successful we
must fulfill certain obligations:
• DUITES
• RESPONSBILITIES
CHAPTER 5 SECTION 2
CITIZENS AND THE
COMMUNITY
CITIZEN INVOLVEMENT
WHY DO WE NEED CITIZENS TO
BECOME INVOLVED?
• TWO VERY GOOD REASONS
– SCARCITY
• Not have enough resources (welfare)
– BUREAUCRACY
• Government complex system with
many departments
HOW DO WE BECOME
INVOLVED?
• PARTICIPATING IN OUR
GOVERNMENT
• VOLUNTEERING OUR TIME
AND MONEY
VOLUNTEERING IN ACTION IN
THE USA
NATIONAL SERVICE PROGRAMS
NATIONAL SERVICE PROGRAMS