MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, SCIENCE,
VOCATIONAL TRAINING AND EARLY EDUCATION
Scaling Up Strategy for WASH in Schools in Zambia
• Pop: Approx 15 mio
• Pop. dens 21/sq km
• Approx 9000
schools, of which
1/3 community
schools
KEY ISSUES TO BE ADDRESSED
• In 2012 > 80% of Schools did not have adequate sanitation
facilities (Bottleneck analysis/ proposal for interim package)
• 58.5% Government school coverage with permanent toilets
(MESVTEE 2013) - BUT
• most often high pupil:toilet ratios
• community schools not counted
• 35% of facilities non-functional (Sustainability checks, UNICEF, 2012)
• Generally: lack of Handwashing facilities at schools &
Handwashing as practice poorly adopted
• Lack of comprehensive WASH in Schools Standards &
Guidelines (including hardware AND software)
• Limited consultation & coordination with MESVTEE
• Poor monitoring & reporting on key WASH indicators
KEY ISSUES TO BE ADDRESSED
Impact of Sanitation on Girls’ enrollment, repetition, dropout
1.6
Female/Male Enrollment Ratios per Grade and Access to Sanitation in
Schools in Zambia
Enrolled Girls/ Enrolled Boys
1.4
1.2
1
NO TOILETS
0.8
TOILETS
<20 STUDENTS/ TOILET
0.6
> 100 STUDENTS/ TOILET
0.4
GRADE 1
GRADE 2
GRADE 3
GRADE 4
GRADE 5
GRADE 6
GRADE 7
enrollment
GRADE 8
GRADE 9 GRADE 10 GRADE 11 GRADE 12
KEY ISSUES TO BE ADDRESSED
Impact of Sanitation on Girls’ enrollment, repetition, dropout
Female Repetition Rates per Grade and Sanitation in Schools in Zambia
0.16
NO Toilets
0.14
Report
Toiletsto Sanitation in Schools
Female Repetition Rates
and Access
0.12
<20 Students/Toilet
0.07
0.1
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
0
GRADE 1
GRADE 2
GRADE 3
GRADE 4
GRADE 5
GRADE 6
GRADE 7
REPEATER GIRLS/ ENROLLED GIRLS
Girls Repeating/ Enrolled Girls
0.18
>100
Students/Toilet
0.06
> 100
Students/Toilet
Schools Report
Toilets
<20
Students/Toilet
0.05
0.04
0.03
0.02
GRADE 8
GRADE 9
GRADE 10 GRADE 11 GRADE 12
0.01
0
Rural Areas
repetition
Urban Areas
NO Toilet Schools
Zambia
KEY ISSUES TO BE ADDRESSED
Impact of Sanitation on Girls’ enrollment, repetition, dropout
Female Dropout Rates and Access to Sanitation in Schools in Zambia
Number of Girls Droping/ Girls Enrolled
0.09
NO toilets
0.08
Report toilets
0.07
<20 sutdents/toilet
0.06
>100
sutdents/toilet
0.05
0.04
0.03
0.02
0.01
0
Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 3 Grade 4 Grade 5 Grade 6 Grade 7 Grade 8 Grade 9 Grade 10 Grade 11 Grade 12
• Resources for coverage linked to high cost/school
dropout
MAIN WASH IN SCHOOLS PROGRAMMES - RURAL
• UNICEF/DFID – CLTS-SLTS
in 35+ districts in all provinces
• UNICEF/Netherlands – School WASH & Water supply
in 20+ districts
• SPLASH/USAID – school WASH (has come to end)
in Eastern Province 5 districts
• African Development Bank – CLTS-SLTS
in Western Province (kicking off now)
• Wins4Girls/Government of Canada – MHM
guidelines/toolkit
• Number of other partners / NGOs
KEY ACHIEVEMENTS - UPSTREAM
• National Technical Committee (NTC) on WASH in
Schools hosted by MESVTEE – June 2014
• Important role in harmonization of interventions &
Coordination
• SLTS guidelines/manual development
• Advocacy
• Improvement of WASH monitoring (e.g. inclusion of key
WASH indicators in EMIS)
• Key WASH indicators in EMIS;
Hardware: including functionality - Handwashing - Waste
disposal - Menstrual Hygiene Management (privacy,
sanitary education and pads…) - Operation and
Maintenance and WASH committee
KEY ACHIEVEMENTS - UPSTREAM
• National WASH standards / SLTS guidelines &
Training Manual (2014)
• Including 3 star certification
• Current distribution ongoing (2000 copies; incl flash cards,
handwashing catalogue)
• Used for training of 40 districts.
KEY ACHIEVEMENTS - UPSTREAM
• Menstrual Hygiene Management
• MHM Thematic Working Group under National Technical
Committee created in 2012
• MHM pilot study with WaterAid/UNICEF concluded in 2013.
• Under Splash, MHM toolkit developed
• Since Oct 2014: Wins4Girls MHM Formative Qualitative
Research in 2 districts.
Collaboration with GRZ/Emory University/UNZA/CIDRZ
Outputs expected end 2015
> produce National Guidelines
> produce toolkit/minimum package for scaling up
KEY ACHIEVEMENTS – UPSTREAM & DOWNSTREAM
Adoption of Interim Comprehensive WASH Package
• in 2013 - as response to provide solution for scaling up
sanitation status in rural Government schools
• Cost of design approx. USD1000/drophole
= divided by approx. 2.5
• toilet:pupils ratio brought down to 1:50
-> For same cost, possible to target 4x more schools
+
• HARDWARE-SOFTWARE integration
In line with SLTS Guidelines (hygiene practices / outreach)
• Mass hand washing station
• MHM + Girls privacy + washing facility
KEY ACHIEVEMENTS – UPSTREAM & DOWNSTREAM
Interim Design
KEY ACHIEVEMENTS – UPSTREAM & DOWNSTREAM
• Low cost design for community schools since 2015
• provide sanitation solution for needy schools: < USD 500
• affordable on proper funding
• Integrated with sanitation marketing –> local masons
+ MHM + mass handwashing station …
2014 Low cost design
Original latrine
design USD2500/
drophole
pupil:toilet 30:1
< USD500/drophole
pupil:toilet ratio 50:1
Community Schools
X4
X2
2013 Interim design
USD1000/drophole
pupil:toilet 50:1
INCL of practices (software)
Schools reached
with same budget
KEY ACHIEVEMENTS – UPSTREAM & DOWNSTREAM
KEY ACHIEVEMENTS – UPSTREAM & DOWNSTREAM
WAY FORWARD
• Further scaling up needed!!- sanitation and Grouped
Handwashing (Planned implementation in school feeding
prgrm)
• Long term adoption of WASH package - discussion ongoing
• Mobile 2 Web monitoring of WASH in Schools indicators
(will start in 17 districts)
• MHM: additional qualitative research needed specifically on
reusable sanitary pads
• MHM toolkit / guidelines rollout in Zambian schools
following the development of MHM toolkit/guidelines
• Quantitative Impact study of WASH package on Girls
learning (attendance-enrolment-…) – PUT research in action
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION