THE IMPACT OF MOTIVATION ON WORKERS PRODUCTIVITY IN
AN ORGANIZATION
(A CASE STUDY OF NIGERIAN BOTTLING COMPANY, PLC, APAPA, LAGOS STATE.
ABSTRACT
Human resources are the single most important factor in any organization. They are the
key to higher production and efficiency. Most motivation, being one of the most important
problems in the management of people at work. No system moves smoothly without it, no
organization achieves its objective without motivating its human resources. This project
therefore is to porous study and come out with the effect and ways of motivating workers
in an organization hence the comparative study of Nigeria Bottling company Plc Lagos
descriptive and inferential statistics were used in the analysis of the data. Necessary
literature were reviewed. During the analysis of the data, it was discovered that the goal
of motivation is to cause people to put forth their best effort with enthusiasm and
effectiveness in order to achieve and hopefully surpass organization objectives. Most
managers have discovered that production work cannot be achieved through command
or order. Improve employees productivity depends on individual motivation. It is also
important to note that the direction of motivation is to work. This study addressed that
individual performs at a high level when he is rewarded in the organization for high
performance. This reward may be in form of pay insurance, recognition advancement
and praise. Motivation cost very little compared to its reward, effectiveness and
productivity. However, organization especially private ones should not relent in its effort
to improve the present standard so as to optimize performance and attainment of
organization goals can be achieved.
Key words: Motivation, Productivity, Working Environment and Organization
1
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE
CERTIFICATION
ii
DEDICATION
iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
iv
ABSTRACT
v
TABLE OF CONTENTS
vi
CHAPTER ONE
1.0
INTRODUCTION
1
1.1
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
1
1.2
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
1
1.3
OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
2
1.4
RESEARCH QUESTION
2
1.5
STATEMENT OF HYPOTHESIS
2
1.6
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
3
1.7
SCOPE OF THE STUDY
3
1.8
LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
3
1.9
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF NIGERIAN BOTTLING COMPANY 4
1.10
DEFINITION OF TERMS
6
CHAPTER TWO
2.0
LITERATURE REVIEW
7
2.1
DEFINITION OF MOTIVATION
7
2.2
INTRINSTIC AND EXTRINSIC REWARDS
8
2.3
THEORIES OF MOTIVATION
9
2.4
SATISFACTION, MOTIVATION, PERFORMANCE AND
PRODUCTION
14
2.5
MANAGEMENT STYLE AND PRODUCTIVITY
16
2.6
SIMPLIFIED MODEL OF EXPECTANCY THEORY BASED
ON LAWLER AND PORTER
16
2
2.7
TECHNIQUES FOR MOTIVATING THE EMPLOYEE
17
2.8
COMFORTABLE, SAFE AND ATTRACTIVE
18
2.9
SYMPTOMS OF POOR MOTIVATION
18
2.10
BEHAVIORAL APPROACH TO MOTIVATION
19
2.11
APPLICATION OF MOTIVATION
20
2.12
MOTIVATION THROUGH DESIGN OF WORK
21
CHAPTER THREE
3.0
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
27
3.1
INTRODUCTION
27
3.2
RESEARCH DESIGN
27
3.3
POPULATION SIZE
27
3.4
SAMPLING METHOD
28
3.5
SAMPLING SIZE
28
3.6
SOURCES OF DATA COLLECTION
28
3.7
DATA COLLECTION INSTRUMENT
29
3.8
METHOD OF DATA ANALYSIS
29
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0
PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA
30
4.1
DATA ANALYSIS
30
4.2
TESTING OF HYPOTHESIS
36
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
38
5.1
SUMMARY
38
5.2
CONCLUSION
39
5.3
RECOMMENDATION
39
BIBLIOGRAPHY
41
APPENDIX I
42
APPENDIX II
43
3
CHAPTER ONE
1.0
INTRODUCTION
1.1
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Motivation is concerned with why people do what they do. It answers such
questions as why do managers or workers got to work and do a good job. This tries to
explain what motivates people to act the way they do. With primary focus on the work
place, it is the primary task of the manger to create and mention an environment in which
employees can work efficiently to realize the objectives of the organization.
Employees differ not only in their ability to work but also in their will to do so
(motivation). To motivate is to induce persuade, stimulate even compel, an employees to
act in a manner which fulfills the objectives of an organization.
The motivation of employees depends on the strength of their motives. Motives
are needs, wants, drive or impulses within the individual and these determine human
behavior.
Motivation then is the process of;
-
Arousing behavior
-
Sustaining behavior
-
Channeling behavior into a specific course of action
Thus, motives (need, desire) induce employees to act. Motivation, therefore is the inner
state that energizes channels and sustains human behavior.
Since it has been established that all behavior except involving responses are goals
directed. Manager can apply motivational theories of management in their attempt to
direct the job behavior of employees towards the goal of their establishment.
1.2
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The major focus of this study is to find out the extent to which the productivity is
influenced by motivation with a view of identifying the reasons for low productivity
particular in the Nigeria Bottling Company, Lagos.
4
Secondly, to focus on the problems motivation mix that will enhance increase
productivity as well as to provide guidelines for future policy formulation in the
campaign.
1.3
OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The objective of this study is to know the effect of motivation on the workers
productivity on the growth of Nigeria Bottling Plc Agidingbi, Ikeja Lagos. The research
purpose of the study was designed to enable the researcher and firm to ascertain the
application of motivational tools techniques by organization concerned, to determine
relationship between motivation and productivity in the organization, to understand the
usefulness of effective motivation as a tool to increase productivity. Moreso, the
objective of this research study is to know the motivational tools to implement in order to
get best out of employee. Finally, to recommend the best ways in which Nigeria Bottling
Plc Agidingbi, Ikeja Lagos can use to motivate employees.
1.4
RESEARCH QUESTION
1. Does the absence of fringe benefits lead to low productivity of works?
2. Does the lack of motivation have an effect on productivity of an organization?
3. Does motivation increase the level of productivity?
4. Does motivation increase the profitability of an organization on the long run?
1.5
STATEMENT OF HYPOTHESIS
Ho: There is no significant difference between motivation and productivity.
Hi: There is significant difference between motivation and productivity.
Ho: That the level of production cannot be increase through motivation.
Hi: That the level of production can be increase through motivation.
Ho: That motivation cannot increase the profitability of the organization on the long run.
Hi: That motivation can increase the profitability of the organization on the long run.
Ho: The more there is effective motivation the less the moral of employee.
Hi: The more there is effective motivation, the more the moral of employee.
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1.6
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The significance of this study cannot be emphasized. It will be based on the
examination of the motivation practice in Nigeria Bottling Plc and to know the extent to
which it is being carried out, the effects on the workers, the organization and the country
at large. Moreso, to acquaint the various manager and different categories of employees
to the need to embrace motivation which will go a long way in achieving higher
productivity. Beside, those student in the field of administration will find it educative.
Interesting and challenging of this study, this various activities and techniques of
motivation are revealed and logically analyzed.
Lastly, this project will be of value to those who want to carry out similar research
in the nearest future.
1.7
SCOPE OF THE STUDY
Theoretically, this project covers the aspect of motivation in persuading,
stimulating\ and compelling an employee to act in a manner which fulfils the objectives
of the Nigeria Bottling Company Plc. Apapa Lagos. To civically look at the effect of
motivation on organization performance, the effective tools to enhance productivity,
identification of current motivational tool employed by the Nigerian Bottling Company
Plc, Apapa Lagos and to recommend appropriate motivational tool for Nigerian Bottling
Company Plc, Apapa, Lagos.
1.8
LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
The main limitation of this research work is of relevant information due to the
facts that most companies afraid to release their secret to the outside the world industrial
espionage.
Again, there is a problem of finance and time. The present economic situation of
the country has made price of books and stationeries to skyrocket as well as
transportation fares. There are a lot of problem of transportation from one place to
another and a lot of risk.
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Moreover, many respondents feel that answering question is a waste of time and
they don’t see reason why their time should be wasted in giving information. Some may
not even bother to fill and return the questionnaire. given to them.
Finally, the fact that research will be based on one company among thousands that exist
in the country will also be regarded as limiting factor.
1.9
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF NIGERIAN BOTTLING COMPANY
The name Coca-cola was a pharmacist by name in John Perbetton. He was born in
Atlanta Georgia, United State of America in the year 1833. The idea of Coca-cola was
born in 1806 and he died in 1888. Immediately after his death, Mr. Asa Candler took over
the business in the same year.
Mr. Frank Robinson selected the Coca-cola trade mark and some other advertising
materials which are still in use till date. The standard size 29c1 bottle was designed and
produced in I, 915 million do11ãr
In 1923, Robert Wood RUFF took over the business presently; there are numerous
bottling plants in United State of America while more than 35 percent plants are spread
all over the West Africa.
Coca-cola first came into inception in Nigeria 54 years ago. Nigeria Bottling
Company set up the first plants in Lagos; it is today Nigeria’s number one bottle of soft
drink selling more than 8 million bottles per day.
A figure which is still growing with the continue expansion of the opening
branches and mini branches in various parts of the country. In 1988 a new dimension was
added to the bottling of coke, pétj5Tastic coke, fanta, and sprite was introduced into the
other six brands. Fanta, which is the fast orange, sprite is sold in lemon- lime segment
action, others are tonic fanta, ginger and krest bottle lemon. The success of coca-cola has
brought with it, the development of quite member of sister industries, oil contribution in
the economy growth of the country (Nigeria)
They are deith Glass Company in ughali, which supplies empty bottle used for
production in the company, the crown cork for the company’s use. The Benin Plastic
Company which make crates for easy carrying of the bottles.
7
In addition, the trucks which supply more--than 70, 000 dealers are also assembled
in Nigeria. The Company is also the largest manufacturers of C02 (Carbondioxide) used
to carbonate the soft drinks. The company employed more than 25. 000 Nigerians in all
fields of operations.
The Nigerian Bottling Company Plc (NBC) was incorporated in November 1951,
as a subsidiary of the A.G. Leventis Group with the franchise to bottle and sell Coca-Cola
products in Nigeria.
From a humble beginning as a family business, the company has grown to become
a predominant bottler of non-alcoholic beverages in Nigeria, responsible for the
manufacture and sale of over 33 different Coca-Cola brands. Other popular brands of
beverage produced by the company aëESia Water, Five Alive fruit juice and the newly
introduced Burn energy drink.
The company presently has 13 bottling facilities and over 80 distribution
warehouses located across the country. Since production started, NBC Plc has remained
the largest bottler of nonalcoholic beverages in the country in terms of sales volume, with
about 1.8 billion bottles sold per year, making it the second largest market in Africa.
Today, the company is part of the Coca-Cola Hellenic Bottling company
(CCHBC), one of Coca-Cola Company’s largest anchor bottlers worldwide.
CCHBC operates in 28 countries, serving 540 million consumers and selling over
1.3 billion unit cases of beverage annually.
The company recently embarked on a restructuring exercise to expand further its
market share and growth profit. It invested in a new state of the art can filling and
packing line at the Apapa plant. The plant has since begun to produce the first soft drink
can that is wholly packaged in Nigeria. This is in addition to new bottling plant in Abuja,
investment in the upgrade of other manufacturing infrastructure, distribution and delivery
facilities.
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1.10
DEFINITION OF TERMS
MOTIVATION: Motivation is defined as the usage aspiration, drive and need of human
begin or control that explain their behaviour. For the purpose of this study motivation
will be regarded as a factor which influence workers attitude to work.
PRODUCTIVITY: Productivity is defined as measurement of economics efficiency,
which a firm process its inputs in term of men, machine, materials and management
expertise into output. Productivity for the purpose of this project is simply the liability to
produce and should therefore concern both human and machines to enhance periodicity.
MOTIVATION MIX: Motivation mix is defined as the set of controllable variables that
firms cause to influence the workers responses. Motivation mix for the purpose of this
project will refer to how Nigeria Bottling Company limited is able to motivate its staff to
achieve high productivity.
JOB SATISFACTION: Job satisfaction is defined as the gratification (in the sense of
entails pleasure following from the satisfaction of needs derived and hope) that a person
desire from that job that he is employed to perform.
Job satisfaction in this project refers to the willingness and efficient performance of
workers to increase productivity.
COMMUNICATION: Is defined as the transmission of information, ideal attitude or
emotions from one person to or group or another person.
Communication in this project refers to how effective communication system is in
Nigeria Bottling Company, Lagos.
MANAGEMENT: Is defined as a process by which scarce resources are combined to
achieve given ends. Management for the purpose of this investigation will refers to how
the Nigeria Bottling Company, Lagos.
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