Do Now
• Using your “The Language of Science”
worksheet write in your notebook what is the
meaning of BIOLOGY?
Ch. 1 The Science of
Biology
(Biology Notes)
NOTES
What is Science?
• Science – an organized way of using evidence
to learn about the natural world
NOTES
What is The Goal of Science
• To investigate and understand the natural
world
• To explain events in the natural world
• To use derived explanations to make useful
predictions
NOTES
Thinking Like a Scientist
• Observation – process of gathering information about
events or processes
• Data – information gathered from observations
• Types of Data
Qualitative- characteristics using your
four senses to provide input.
Quantitative- An amount gathered in
the form of numbers or measurements.
• Inference – an interpretation based on
prior knowledge or experience
NOTES
QUESTIONS
• What terms would you use above to describe
information gathered from observing mold
grow 4 cm over three weeks?
QUANTITATIVE
DATA
NOTES
Explaining & Interpreting Evidence
• Hypothesis – a proposed scientific explanation
for a set of observations (if…then…)
• You suggest that the presence of water could
accelerate the growth of mold. This is an
example of a hypothesis
• In science a hypothesis is useful only if can be
tested.
NOTES
Designing an Experiment
• 1. Ask a question
• 2. Form a hypothesis
• 3. Set up a controlled experiment
– Controlled experiment – where only 1 variable is
tested at a time, everything else is kept constant
• 4. Record & analyze results
• 5. Draw a conclusion
• 6. Publish your work to be reviewed and
reproduced by peers.
NOTES
QUESTION
• A CONTROLLED EXPERIMENT ALLOWS THE
SCIENTIST TO ISOLATE AND TEST HOW MANY
VARIABLES? A SINGLE VARIABLE
• THE ABILITY TO REPRODUCE RESULTS IS AN
IMPORTANT PART OF ANY? EXPERIMENT
SCIENTIFIC METHOD
CONTROLS AND VARIABLES
PART 1
SCIENTIFIC METHOD
CONTROLS AND VARIABLES
PART 2
HOMEWORK
BIKINI BOTTOM OLYMPICS
NOTES
What is a Theory
A well tested explanation that unifies a broad
range of observations is considered a theory
How a Theory Develops
• As evidence from many investigations builds
up, a hypothesis may become so well
supported that scientists consider it a theory
SCIENTIFIC METHOD (ACTIVITY)
HANDOUT (SCIENTIFIC METHOD TERMS)
• SCIENTIFIC METHOD ACTIVITY (THUMB WARS)
OR (SENSES LAB)
• IDENTIFY THE CONTROLS AND VARIABLES
• HOMEWORK-IDENTIFY VARIABLES
Chapter 1 Section 1 and 2
• Quiz
NOTES
Characteristics of Living Things
• Biology – the study of the living world
• Living things share the following 8
characteristics:
• 1. Made up of cells
• 2. Reproduce
• 3. Based on a universal genetic code
• 4. Grow & Develop
NOTES
Characteristics of Living Things
•
•
•
•
5. Obtain & use materials & energy
6. Respond to their environment
7. Maintain a stable internal environment
8. As a group, living things change over time
QUESTION
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING CHARACTERISTICS OF
LIVINGS THINGS ABOVE BEST EXPLAINS WHY BIRDS FLY
SOUTH FOR THE WINTER?
8 – RESPOND TO THEIR
ENVIRONMENT
CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE
• DETRMINE LIVING OR DEAD (12 LAB
STATIONS)
• STUDENTS GO TO EACH LAB STATION AND FILL
IN THEIR DATA TABLE AT EACH STATION.
NOTES
KEY TERMS AND INFORMATION
Made Up of Cells
• Cell – a collection of living matter enclosed by
a barrier that separates the cell from its
surroundings
– They can grow, respond to surroundings, &
reproduce
NOTES
Reproduction
• Sexual reproduction – 2 parents produce
offspring
• Asexual reproduction – 1 parent produces
offspring
NOTES
Based on a Genetic Code
• DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) – molecule that
carries directions for inheritance, for every
organism on Earth
NOTES
Growth & Development
• All living things grow during at least part of
their lives
NOTES
Need for Materials & Energy
• Metabolism – all the chemical reactions that
take place within an organism, to carry out life
processes, which requires energy
NOTES
Response to the Environment
• Stimulus – a signal that an organism responds
to
– Ex.) when there is enough water, & the ground is
warm enough, a plant seed responds by
germinating
NOTES
Maintaining Internal Balance
• Homeostasis – maintaining a stable internal
environment, such as temperature & water
content
NOTES
Evolution
• As a group, any given kind of organism can
evolve, or change over time
CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE
• OPEN NOTE QUIZ
• GRAPHING REVIEW WITH DEPENDENT AND
INDEPENDENT VARIABLE.
Chapter 1 Section 3
• Quiz
NOTES
Branches of Biology
• Some of the levels that life can be studied
include molecules, cells, organisms,
populations of a single kind of organism,
communities of different organisms in an area,
& the biosphere
• At all of these levels, smaller living systems are
found within larger systems
NOTES
Branches of Biology
Each occupation below falls under the field of
biology.
• Botanist is the study of plants
• Zoologists is the study of animal kingdoms
• Paleontologists is the study of prehistoric life
A Common Measurement System
• Most scientists use the metric system when
collecting data & performing experiments
• Metric system – International System of Units,
or SI
SCIENTIFIC PROCESSES
• MEASUREMENT LAB
• HOMEWORK ( NAME UNITS)
MEASUREMENT LAB
• Handout safety contract and review with
students.
• RAINBOW LAB USING MESURING
SKILLS/METRIC SYSTEM/PRACTICING LAB
SEFETY
NOTES
Microscopes
• Microscopes – devices that produce magnified
images of structures that are too small to see
with the naked eye
NOTES
Light Microscopes
• To observe small living organisms scientist use
a compound light microscope ( used in high
school laboratories)
• Compound Light Microscope – produce a
magnified image by focusing visible light rays
NOTES
Electron Microscopes
• Electron microscopes – produce magnified
images by focusing beams of electrons
NOTES
Electron Microscopes
• The best electron microscopes can produce
images almost 1000 times more detailed than
light microscopes can
**Remember B.U.B.
• Objects, when viewed under a microscope,
appear: Bigger, Upside down, & Backwards
• Chapter 1 Section 4
Quiz
MICROSCOPE LAB
• SETUP OF MICROSCOPES AROUND THE ROOM
( ONE FOR EACH STUDENT)
• (RESERVE CHEMISTRY LAB)
NOTES
Safety Procedures
• Safety procedures are important when
working in a laboratory with animals or in the
field.
QUESTION
• Because you may come in contact with
organisms you cannot see, what safety
procedure must be followed after each lab?
Wash Your Hands
Chapter one Test
• Handout test