APPENDIX
Table A1. Equations for SFB (Scale Factor Breadth) and
SFD (Scale Factor Depth) for different body parts.
Body Part
SFB
SFD
Head
Head BreadthEvaRID
Head BreadthBioRID
Head DepthEvaRID
Neck
= SFBupper torso
= SFLneck
Upper Torso
Shoulder BreadthEvaRID
Shoulder BreadthBioRID
MRupper torso
(SFL*SFB)upper torso
Pelvis
=1
MRpelvis
(SFL*SFB)pelvis
Upper Arm
Lower Arm
Upper Leg
Lower Leg
√
Head DepthBioRID
MR limb
SFLlimb
√
MR limb
SFLlimb
Stature [cm]
Mass [kg]
A Head
B Neck
C Shoulder
D Arm pit
E Bust
F Arm3)
G Chest4)
H Waist
I Elbow
J Forearm
K Hip
L Wrist
M Thigh
N Knee
O Calf
P Ankle
1) Flexed
2) Relaxed
3) Upper Arm
161.5
65.8
54.9
35.1
98.0
89.2
95.8
29.01)
79.0
74.2
28.21)
26.21)
100.8
15.5
59.2
38.1
35.8
21.8
161.2
63.9
54.8
32.9
95.4
28.81)
24.42)
21.22)
100.1
15.7
59.4
37.0
35.8
21.4
163.0
66.0
55.1
93.2
-
4) Below bust
5) Upper thigh
RAMSIS
GEBOD
ISO/TR (2012)
Kenya
ISO/TR (2012)
Germany
ISO/TR (2012)
USA
Young et al.
(1983)
Body Part
Diffrient et al.
(1974)
Table A2. Comparisons of anthropometric data (circumferences) of the 50 th
percentile female. Based Diffrient et al. (1974), Young et al. (1983), ISO/TR
(2012), GEBOD, and RAMSIS. Granted by Henry Dreyfuss Associates, LLC.
Circumference [cm]
162.5 161.5 161.8 161.8
66.0
67.0 62.3 62.3
54.5
58.0 34.5
33.0 34.3 99.0
95.0 27.1 21.7
79.0
81.0 74.6
27.5 24.2 23.7
16.5
16.0 15.2 56.5
61.0 58.0 38.5 36.0
37.0 35.3 33.8
21.5 -
Fig. A1. Distances (in cm) between joints of EvaRID. Based on
Diffrient et al. (1974). Granted by Henry Dreyfuss Associates, LLC.
Table A3. Regression equations for estimations of the volume of different body parts of females (Young et al. 1983).
The average volume of different body parts of the 50 th percentile female (Young et al. 1983).
Volume [cm3]
Mass [kg]
From Based on Based on Based on
Body Part
Volume Regression Equation
Young et Scaled Young et Scaled
al. (1983) variables al. (1983) variables
Head
Neck
Thorax
Abdomen
Pelvis
Upper Arm
Lower Arm
Hand
Flap
Upper Leg
(flap excl)
Lower Leg
Foot
Total
Right
Left
Right
Left
Right
Left
Right
Left
Right
Left
Right
Left
Right
Left
V = 132.85Chead + 163.75Hhead – 13.73S – 3,722.51
3,894
V = 9.44S + 23.57Cneck + 14.26Lneck – 1,658.86
737
V = 33.08M + 285.77Cbust + 422.96Lthorax – 29,046.39
18,175
V = 572.45Labdomen + 184.72Ctenth rib – 323.75Btenth rib – 5,727.80 2,817
V = 107.20M – 84.30S + 528.80Fsuprailiac + 7,637.48
10,128
V = 7.33M + 67.89Celbow + 19.49Lacrom_rad – 1,714.08
1,557
V = 3.64M + 65.37Cbiceps_fl_left + 47.57Lacrom_rad – 2,241.29
1,556
V = 61.12Celbow + 53.42Cwrist + 18.99Lrad_stylion – 1,835.29
935
V = 30.56Celbow + 36.41Lrad_stylion + 49.49Cmid forearm – 1,713.20
923
V = 25.14Cwrist + 36.37Bhand + 16.83Lmeta III_dact – 484.95
344
V = 50.64Bhand + 12.84Cwrist + 12.67Lhand – 476,78
334
V = 90.90Cupper thigh+ 177.39Lthigh flap + 18.77S – 7,823.86
3,792
V = 98.20Cupper thigh + 153.06Lthigh flap + 23.37S – 8,522.40
3,832
V = 173.68Cmid thigh+ 57.90S + 29.81Cbuttock – 15,058.42
6,278
V = 253.27Cmid thigh + 80.63S – 141.89Bbitroch – 15,450.17
6,211
V = 137.20Ccalf_right + 47.91Cknee + 33.92Lcalf – 4,740,57
3,111
V = 128.09Ccalf_left + 64.32Cknee + 37.69Lcalf – 5,166.17
3,151
V = 38,27Lfoot+ 121.67Hsphyrion + 22.70Cankle – 1,475.74
673
V = 32.65Cball of foot + 93.42Hsphyrion + 32.44Lfoot – 1,409.56
682
69,130
3,886
735
17,782
2,760
9,685
1,513
1,524
912
932
337
328
3,748
3,786
6,191
6,126
3,045
3,081
668
675
67,714
3.51
0.66
16.38
2.54
9.13
1.40
1.40
0.84
0.83
0.31
0.30
3.42
3.45
5.66
5.60
2.80
2.84
0.61
0.61
62.3
3.58
0.68
16.36
2.54
8.91
1.39
1.40
0.84
0.86
0.31
0.30
3.45
3.48
5.70
5.64
2.80
2.83
0.61
0.62
62.3
Table A4. Anthropometric data used for calculations of the volume for different body parts (Table A3).
Based on Young et al. (1983).
Measure
Body Part
Variable1)
Value2) Scale Factor
Scaled Value3)
Stature [cm]
Body
S
161.2
161.8
Mass [punds]
Body
M
140.9
137.3
Head
Chead
54.78
1
54.78
Neck
Cneck
32.86
0.99
32.53
Bust
Cbust
95.41
0.99
94.46
Tenth rib
Ctenth rib
75.94
0.99
75.18
Buttock
Cbuttock
100.08
0.99
99.08
Upper thigh
Cupper thigh
59.44
0.99
58.85
Mid thigh
Cmid thigh
51.92
0.99
51.40
Cknee
36.97
0.99
36.60
Circumference Knee
Calf (right)
Ccalf_right
35.43
0.99
35.08
[cm]
Calf (left)
Ccalf_left
35.79
0.99
35.43
Ankle
Cankle
21.45
0.99
21.24
Biceps flexed (left)
Cbiceps_fl_left
28.60
0.99
28.31
Elbow
Celbow
24.42
0.99
24.18
Mid forearm
Cmid forearm
21.22
0.99
21.01
Wrist
Cwrist
15.72
0.99
15.56
Ball of foot
Cball of foot
22.8
0.99
22.57
Height
Head
Hhead
15.59
1
15.59
[cm]
Sphyrion
Hsphyrion
6.26
1
6.26
Neck
Lneck
6.98
1
6.98
Thorax
Lthorax
36.16
1
36.16
Abdomen
Labdomen
4.94
1
4.94
Thigh flap
Lthigh flap
17.96
1
17.96
Length
Calf
Lcalf
35.95
1
35.95
[cm]
Foot
Lfoot
23.51
1
23.51
Acromion-radiale
Lacrom_rad
29.74
1
29.74
Radiale-stylion
Lrad_stylion
23.07
1
23.07
Metacarpale III – Dactylion Lmeta III_dact
8.99
1
8.99
Hand
Lhand
17.08
1
17.08
Tenth rib
Btenth rib
25.67
0.99
25.41
Breadth
Bitrochanteric
Bbitroch
31.63
1
31.63
[cm]
Hand
Bhand
7.76
0.99
7.68
Skinfold [mm] Suprailiac
Fsuprailiac
1.85
0.99
1.83
1) Variables in the regression equations (Table A3).
2) Average values from Young et al. (1983).
3) Input to the calculations of volume/mass of the EvaRID model (Table A3)
Table A5. The mass, the mass distribution (in percent of
the total mass), and the Mass Ratio (MEvaRID/MBioRID) of the
BioRID II and the EvaRID.
EvaRID
BioRID
MEvaRID
Body Part
Mass % of Mass % of
MBioRID
[kg] total
[kg] total
Head
x1 3.58
5.7
4.54
5.8 0.789
1)
Upper Torso x1 19.58 31.4 26.61 34.0 0.736
Pelvis2)
x1 15.84 25.4 15.80 20.2 1.003
Upper Arm
x2 1.40
2.2
2.02
2.6 0.691
3)
Lower Arm
x2 1.16
1.9
2.23
2.9 0.518
Upper Leg4)
x2 5.67
9.1
5.99
7.7 0.947
Lower Leg5)
x2 3.43
5.5
5.44
7.0 0.631
TOTAL
62.30 100 78.24
100
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
The upper torso consists of the thorax, the abdomen, and the spine
(including the neck).
Flaps included.
Hand included.
Flap excluded.
Foot included.
Table A6. Calculation of the Scale Factor Length (SFL)
(=LEvaRID/LBioRID) for different body parts. The corresponding values of the Scale Factor Breadth (SFB) and the
Scaled Factor Depth (SFD) are given.
Length
Scale Factors
LEvaRID LBioRID
SFL SFB SFD
Body Part
[cm]
[cm]
1)
8)
Head
20.30
21.59
0.940 0.925 0.935
Neck2)
10.288) 12.04
0.854 0.910 0.854
Upper Torso3)
47.948) 52.65
0.911 0.910 0.888
8)
Pelvis
25.82
25.83
1.000 1.000 1.003
Upper Arm4)
26.408) 26.14
1.010 0.823 0.823
Lower Arm5)
23.408) 24.88
0.941 0.765 0.765
6)
8)
Upper Leg
38.90
40.55
0.959 1.014 1.014
Lower Leg7)
45.708) 49.55
0.922 0.861 0.861
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
Top of head to chin.
C0/C7 joint to C7/T1 joint.
C7/T1 joint to mid-point of hip joints.
Shoulder joint to elbow joint.
Elbow joint to wrist joint.
Hip joint to knee joint.
Knee joint to bottom of heel along tibia.
Diffrient et al. (1973).
b)
c)
d)
c)
e)
a)
b)
d)
f)
e)
g)
Fig. A2. Torso details of the EvaRID V1.0 model a)–b) f)bustpoint depths, c) bust point distance, and d) 10 th rib
e) bust f) waist g) buttock breadths.
g)
c)
Background Mesh Size 10×10 mm
d)
e)
f)
Fig. A3. Torso details – heights of major landmarks.
g)
Fig. A4. Comparison of the EvaRID and the BioRID II models.
Fig. A5. Comparison of initial posture between EvaRID and one of the volunteers.