Spring, 2015
 1. How did the railroads
impact other industries, such
as steel, and the organization
of big business? (11a)
 Answer:
 Caused other businesses
to develop because
goods could be shipped.
 Andrew Carnegie – U.S.
Steel - Monopolies
 2. How did the railroads
impact the development of
the West? (11b)
 Answer:
 Railroads allowed
people to quickly travel
West. Made westward
migration easier.
 3. Who was John D.
Rockefeller? Why is he
important? (11c)
 4. How did trusts and
monopolies develop? (11c)
 Answer:
 Answer:
 Founder of Standard Oil.
First to create a
monopoly/trust and buy
out competitors.
 Influenced government
to get what he needed.
 Big business bought out
all competitors. Vertical
and horizontal
integration.
 5. How did the inventions
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of Thomas Edison impact
American life? (11d)
Answer:
Changed life. Allowed
people to work at night.
Factories no longer
needed to be by water.
Created power plants.
Phonographs and
motion pictures.
 6. Describe Ellis Island.
(12a)
 Answer:
 Immigration station in
New York Harbor.
Immigrants from
Southern and Eastern
Europe passed through.
 7. How and why did
immigration patterns
from Europe change
during the late 1800s?
(12a)
 Answer:
 Most new immigrants
came from Eastern and
Southern Europe – did
not speak English,
settled in the cities.
 8. How did this change
impact urban America?
(12a)
 Answer:
 Populations grew too
fast. No housing,
sanitation, police or
fire protection.
 9. Who was Samuel
Gompers? Why is he
important? (12b)
 10. How did the growth of
the western population
impact Native Americans?
(12c)
 Answer: Labor leader
and president of AFL.
Organized strikes,
unions, and collective
bargaining to get higher
wages, shorter hours,
and better working
conditions.
 Answer:
 Plains and frontier
closed due to railroads.
Caused conflict. Most
Native Americans forced
on Reservations.
 11. Describe the 1894
Pullman strike. (12d)
 Answer:
 It was the first example
of labor unrest. Turned
violent and government
had to send in troops.
 12. How did Upton
Sinclair’s The Jungle
impact the meatpacking
industry? (13a)
 Answer:
 Exposed corruption.
Led to the passage of
Meat Inspection Act
and the Pure Food and
Drug Act.
 13. Who was Jane
Addams? Why is she
important? (13b)
 14. Describe the role of
women in reform
movements. (13b)
 Answer:
 Answer:
 Social Reformer in
 Women took active
Chicago.
 Opened public homes
for immigrant women
& children.
roles in the fight for
voting rights,
prohibition, and labor
reforms.
 How did Jim Crow, Plessy v.
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
Ferguson, and the emergence of
the NAACP impact America?
(13c)
Answer:
Jim Crow – informal racial
segregation laws of public
facilities in the South.
Plessy v. Ferguson – made
segregation (separate but
equal) legal in public
facilities.
NAACP – Fought for equal
rights for African Americans
and to end segregation.
 16. Who was Ida Tarbell? Why is
she important? (13d)
 Answer:
 She was a muckraker
(journalist who exposed
corruption in industries).
 She exposed the corrupt
business practices of
Standard Oil.
 17. What was the purpose of
muckrakers? (13d)
 Answer:
 Journalists who exposed corrupt
side of businesses.
 18. What was the significance of
progressive reforms such as the
initiative, recall, and referendum;
direct election of senators; reform of
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labor laws; and efforts to improve
living conditions for the poor in
cities? (13e)
Answer:
Initiative – bill that starts with
people
Recall – vote to remove an official
Referendum – Vote on an
initiative
Strike, unions, and collective
bargaining to improve labor.
Jane Addams – Hull House was an
effort to improve lives of inner
city poor.
 19. Describe the
conservation movement
and the development of
national parks and forests;
include the role of
Theodore Roosevelt. (13f)
 Answer:
 American expansion
destroyed resources.
 Teddy Roosevelt – set
aside land to protect as
national parks. Also
protected wildlife.
 20. What was the impact of
Chinese Exclusion Act of
1882? (14a)
 Answer:
 Movement to exclude
Chinese labor from the
US because of
competition for jobs.
Based on racism.
 21. What were the causes
and effects of the SpanishAmerican War? (14b)
 Answer:
 Causes: Sinking of the
USS Maine and Yellow
Journalism
 Effects: US becomes an
imperial power – gain
Guam, Puerto Rico, and
the Philippines and
influence in Cuba.
 22. What was the purpose
of Roosevelt Corollary to
the Monroe Doctrine?
(14c)
 Answer:
 It backed up our threats
to Europe to stay out of
Western Hemisphere
and Latin America with
the use of force.
 23. Why was the Panama
Canal important? (14c)
 Answer:
 It provided a shortcut
between North and
South America in order
for us to move goods and
our military.
 24. Why did the U.S. move
from neutrality to
engagement in World War
I? (15a)
 Answer:
 Neutrality – Not taking a
side in a conflict.
 Actions by Germany
brought US into war –
Unrestricted Submarine
Warfare and the
Zimmermann Note.
 25. What was the domestic impact
of World War I as reflected by the
origins of the Great Migration, the
Espionage Act, and socialist Eugene
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
Debs? (15b)
Answer:
Great Migration – Movement of
African Americans to the North
and West for jobs and to escape
discrimination.
Espionage Act – Fear of
Communism – keep anyone
suspected of communism out of
US
Eugene Debs – Socialist labor
leader who fought for reforms.
 26. Explain Wilson’s Fourteen
Points and the proposed League of
Nations. (15c)
 Answer:
 Wilson’s plan for lasting peace
after WWI. It called for no secret
treaties, freedom of the seas, etc.
 It also called for a League of
Nations – peacekeeping
organization to prevent conflict.
 US Senate would not ratify.
 27. What was the impact of
the Eighteenth
Amendment and the
Nineteenth Amendment?
(15d)
 Answer:
 18th Amendment –
Prohibition. Made
alcohol illegal in the U.S.
 19th Amendment – Gave
women the right to vote.
 28. What did rising
communism and socialism
in the United States in the
1920s lead to? (16a)
 Answer:
 Red Scare. Immigration
limitations on anyone
coming in from Eastern
Europe.
 29. How did the
accomplishments of Henry
Ford impact America?
(16b)
 Answer:
 Created the assembly
line to mass produce
cars.
 Changed landscape and
buildings. Suburbs
develop.
 30. How did radio and the
movies impact America?
(16c)
 Answer:
 Radio was the main form
of communication.
Dramas, news, and
sports.
 Movies – development of
Hollywood and movie
stars.
 31. What was the significance of
the Harlem Renaissance? (16d)
 Answer:
 It was the artistic movement
that celebrated African
America culture.
 32. What were the
accomplishments of Irving
Berlin, Langston Hughes, and
Louis Armstrong? (16d)
 Answer:
 Irving Berlin – blended music
of various cultures to create
something American. Tin Pan
Alley.
 Langston Hughes – African
American poet of Harlem
Renaissance.
 Louis Armstrong – Jazz
musician of the Harlem
Renaissance.
 33. What were the causes
of the Great Depression?
(17a)
 Answer:
 Overproduction of
goods, under
consumption of goods,
buying stocks on
margin, stock
speculation, and the
Dust Bowl.
 34. What were the causes
and effects of the Dust
Bowl? (17b)
 Answer:
 Overuse of the land and
drought caused Dust
Bowl.
 Effects: People lose
farms and have to move
West to look for work.
 35. What was the social and
political impact of
widespread unemployment
that resulted in developments
such as Hoovervilles? (17c)
 Answer:
 People lost savings, lost
homes and businesses.
 were areas of
homelessness that sprang
up in major cities.
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 36. What was the purpose of
the TVA? How did it impact
America? (18a)
 Answer:
 Tennessee Valley Authority
– built dams along the
Tennessee River to prevent
flooding, create jobs and
generate electricity.
Brought electricity to rural
South.
 37. What was the purpose
of the Wagner Act? How
did it impact America?
(18b)
 Answer:
 It gave workers the right
to form Unions and use
collective bargaining.
Create the NLRB to
mediate problems.
 38. What was the purpose
of the Social Security Act
as a part of the second New
Deal? (18c)
 Answer:
 Provide old age pension,
disability insurance,
unemployment
insurance, and aid to
families with dependent
children.
 39. Why was Eleanor Roosevelt seen
as a symbol of social progress and
women’s activism? (18d)
 Answer:
 She encouraged FDR to appoint
women and African Americans to
positions within the
government. Brought FDR’s
attention to important issues.
 40. Identify the political challenges
to Roosevelt’s domestic and
international leadership; include
the role of Huey Long, the “court
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packing bill,” and the Neutrality Act.
(18e)
Answer:
Huey Long – Opposed FDR
because he believed the
programs did not do enough to
help the people.
Court-packing bill – FDR wanted
to add 6 additional justices to
court so they would not overturn
his legislation.
Neutrality Acts – Acts passed to
keep US out of WWII.
 41. What was the purpose
 42. How did the Japanese
of A. Philip Randolph’s
proposed march on
Washington, D.C.? (19a)
attack on Pearl Harbor
impact America? (19b)
 Answer:
 Answer:
 He threatened a march
on Washington in order
to get FDR to
desegregate war time
industries.
 It brought the US into
the war and helped push
America out of the Great
Depression as we got
ready for war.
 43. Explain the internment
of Japanese-Americans
during WWII. (19b)
 44. What was the purpose
of the Lend-Lease Act?
(19c)
 Answer:
 Answer:
 Japanese were
 It allowed the US to help
imprisoned in camps in
the US during war. It was
done out of fear of
Japanese attacks and
racism.
nations important to our
security stay safe against
Axis Powers.
 45. Why were the Battle of
Midway, D-Day, and the fall of
Berlin significant? (19c)
 Answer:
 Midway – turning point in
Pacific – America goes on
offensive – Island hopping
campaign.
 D-Day – allied invasion of
Europe.
 Fall of Berlin – Fell to Soviets,
brought about end of war in
Europe.
 46. Describe war mobilization,
as indicated by rationing, wartime conversion, and the role of
women in war industries. (19d)
 Answer:
 Mobilization – nation gets
ready for war.
 Rationing – goods conserved
for war effort.
 Conversion – Factories were
used for war production.
 Women – went to work in
factories and other places to
help with war effort at home.
 47. Describe the Manhattan
Project at Los Alamos and its
implications. (19e)
 Answer:
 Development of the
Atomic Bomb used to end
the war in the Pacific. Used
at Hiroshima and
Nagasaki.
 48. How were the geographic
locations of the European
Theater and the Pacific
Theater and the difficulties
the U.S. faced in delivering
weapons, food, and medical
supplies to troops different in
each? (19f)
 Answer:
 European Theater – North
Africa and Europe.
 Pacific Theater – Japan and
Pacific Ocean Islands.