ALCOHOL
American Prohibition Article
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Who was the first state to pass a law
prohibiting the sale of alcohol?
What events lead to the ban of alcohol?
What amendment banned the manufacture,
sale & distribution of alcohol in the US?
What happened after they banned alcohol?
What amendment repealed the 18th
amendment?
What were underground/illegal bars called?
History

In 1851, Maine became the first state to pass
a law prohibiting the sale & manufacture of
alcohol.
 18th Amendment – (1919) U.S. prohibited
sale & manufacture of alcohol.
 21st Amendment- (1933) repealed the 18th
amendment, now the control of manufacture
and sale of liquor became a state
responsibility.
Alcohol Today
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Nation’s #1 Drug Problem
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100+ million adults (60-70% of total
population use)
– Used more than any other drug
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10+ million adult alcoholics
4.5 million teenage alcoholics/ problem
drinkers
 40,000 + alcohol poisoning cases a year
 8,000 teens die each year in alcohol related
crashes
Alcohol Today
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½ of all crime
– 75% of violent crimes

Alcohol is negatively linked with violence,
rape, suicide, breaking the law, academic
apathy, accidental death, injuries,
irresponsible decisions, STI/ STDs, job loss,
divorce, and serious illness.
 Alcohol related diseases lead to 12,000
deaths/ year
– #1 Cirrhosis of the liver ( hardening of the liver)
Motor Vehicle Deaths
Why have alcohol related motor vehicle
deaths decreased in the last decade?
1. Site 1
2. Site 2 CDC
3. Site 3 MADD
Classes of Drinkers (3 classes)

Social
– Moderate, safe amounts consumed by
adult (21 yrs or older)
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Problem
– Self or others at risk, binge drinker
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Alcoholic
– dependent
Class of Drinkers
About one in ten drinkers is or will
become an alcoholic/problem drinker.
 Most adults who drink in the U.S., drink
as a “social” drinker.
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Responsible (over 21)
Alcohol Use
Know limit
Space out drinks
Small glasses
Dilute mix drinks
Eat while consuming
Don’t drink and drive
Don’t drink and use medication
Don’t drink if pregnant or not sure
– Baby’s of mothers who drink may be born with
fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)
FAS is a leading cause of mental disability.
Vocab
AlcoholFermentationDistillationProof% of alcoholWhat are the 3 types of alcohol?
1 Drink
(1/2 oz of pure ethanol- active
ingredient)

One 12 oz can of beer (4.5% alcohol)
 1 ¼ oz of 80 proof hard liquor (distilled)
(40% alcohol)
– Proof: amount of alcohol in a beverage as
measured by %, double the % of alcohol
• Ex/ Beverage with 20% alcohol is 40 proof (page 411)
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1 oz of 100 proof liquor ( 1 shot)
 3-5 oz of wine (12-14% alcohol)
 1 wine cooler (1.5-6 % alcohol)
 Non-alcoholic Beer- contains some alcohol
(less than 1%)
Alcohol & the Body
About 20% of alcohol consumed is
absorbed into bloodstream through
stomach walls.
 The majority is absorbed through
intestine walls.
 The remaining alcohol is excreted
through urine, perspiration, or breath.
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How Alcohol Affects the Body

Nervous system- Brain- is being
deprived of oxygen
 Impairs senses, vision, hearing
 Impaired motor skills, reaction time,
judgment
 Mood & personality changes
 Hallucinations
 Violent & angry behavior
Nervous System/ Terms
• Blackouts (a period in which a
person cannot remember what has
happened) Type of amnesia
• Seizures• Dementia (decline in all areas of
mental functioning)
Digestive system
– Developing cancers of mouth, esophagus, &
stomach
– Ulcers, open sore-irritation from the toxins in
alcohol
– Malnutrition-drinking interferes with absorption of
nutrients
– Liver disease (cirrhosis)
• Stage I- fatty deposits on the liver
• Stage II- Alcohol Hepatitis, liver swells, abdominal pain,
fever, yellowing of skin
• Stage III- Cirrhosis/Hardening of liver (NO CURE)
Immune & Respiratory Systems
– Increased risk of developing illnesses
*** Alcohol decreases the amount
of infection fighting cells
-you get sick a lot quicker and
can not recover as quickly.
• Respiration infections
• Tuberculosis- lung infection
• Cancers can occur much quicker
Affects on Body
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Cardiovascular system
– Damages heart & blood vessels
– Alcohol is high in FAT & SUGAR causing
the arteries to become clogged with fatty
tissue, increasing amount of force to push
blood through the vessels.
– Increased risk for cardiovascular disease,
heart disease, high blood pressure, high
cholesterol, heart attack & stroke.
Skeletal System/ Muscular System
Alcohol causes the bones to lose
calcium and takes nutrients out of the
body.
Bones become thin & brittle and can lead
to Osteoporosis, a condition in which
the bones become thin & brittle. This
also causes injuries for frequently.
Muscles- tissue starts to deteriorate.
Urinary System
Alcohol causes an increase in urine flow. Heavy
& chronic drinking can cause the kidneys to
shut down.
Kidneys- an organ that filters the blood &
excretes waste products.
Pancreas- releases hormones to regulate
blood sugar. Alcohol use can lead to diabetes
if the pancreas fails to produce hormones that
regulate blood sugar.
Reproductive System- puberty
Females
-delay the menstrual cycle, or cause an
irregular cycle.
- reduce fertility
- risk of breast cancer
- early onset of menopause
Males
- effect size of reproductive organs
- reduce fertility, reduce sperm count &
movement of sperm
- decrease muscle mass
- impaired sexual performance
(impotence- males can’t get an
erection)
Gastrointestinal System
Alcohol causes the stomach lining to
become inflamed & irritated.
 Inflammation of the esophagus
 Diarrhea & vomiting
 Cancer of the intestines & colon
 Inflammation/irritation of the intestines
 Increases secretion of stomach acids
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Alcohol Affects Every Cell in the
Body
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Most alcohol is changed to harmless
waste by the liver
– A Healthy Liver can only process about 1
drink/ hour
– If drink more then this the excess alcohol
build up in the body
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Alcohol goes to body tissue before
excretion
– Effects of alcohol intensify
– Concentration of alcohol in blood increases
Hangover- a result of the chemicals used
to make alcohol.
The only true treatment for a hangover
is time!
 When treating hangover symptoms, you
should not use Tylenol, because it can
cause permanent liver damage.
 One of the worst things you can do for a
person is give them another alcoholic
beverage.
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Blood Alcohol Concentration
(BAC)
Higher the BAC, the greater the effects
of alcohol on the body.
 If the amount of alcohol (a toxin) is too
large, stomach will reject it
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– Vomiting
Too much of a toxin (alcohol) can be
poisonous.
BAC is a percentage of alcohol in the
bloodstream.
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What Happens as BAC Increases
.02.08-.10.20.40BAC effects
BAC Chart
Factors that affect BAC
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Amount consumed
Body weight
Feelings
Amount of food
eaten
Carbonation of
beverage
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Speed consumed
% of body fat
Gender
Presence of other
drugs in blood
Age
WEIGHT vs. BODY FAT
BODY FAT DOES NOT ABSORB AS MUCH ALCOHOL
AS MUSCLE DOES
1.
Luke 220lbs. 15% body fat
Brett 220lbs. 30% body fat
2.
Matt 150lbs. 25% body fat
Brian 115lbs. 25% body fat
Binge Drinking
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See Handout
DefinitionMales:
Females:
Alcohol Poisoning
See Handout
1. Write down what you should do when you
suspect someone has alcohol poisoning.
2. Write down what you should never do if
you suspect someone has AP.
3. List the 5 signs of alcohol Poisoning.
4. Alcohol is bombarding the brain depriving
it of _____ and starts to shut down
_______functions.
Alcohol Laws
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Liquor Control Board
– Controls all sales of alcoholic beverages
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Underage Drinking
– Zero-tolerance law
• Lowers the legal BAC level for intoxicated drivers under
21 yrs of age
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Driving Under the Influence (DUI)
– Breathalyzer test: accurate and common way
police check BAC
– Under 21 yrs = 0.02
– 21 yrs & over = 0.08
Laws Cont.
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Parents can not buy alcohol for their children
even if it is their own home.
 Parents can be held accountable & face fines
for serving minors on their property.
 A person under 21 can be arrested for
underage drinking in PA if they are:
consuming, transporting & possessing
alcohol.
* See law handout
Alcoholism
– Disease in which there is physical and
psychological dependence on alcohol.
– Alcohol is a Sedative Hypnotic.
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Difficulty controlling behavior
 Denial
 Withdrawal
– Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome
• Is the reaction of the body when someone stops drinking
all of a sudden.
– Delirium Tremens
» Is a severe form of alcohol withdrawal syndrome in
which there are hallucinations and muscle convulsions
Genetic Predisposition
Definition- you are at a HIGHER risk of
developing that disease if one or more
of your BIOLOGICAL family members
have that disease.
Getting Help
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Alcoholics Anonymous (AA)
– Recovery program for people who have
alcoholism ( for the alcoholic)
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Al-Anon
– Recovery program for people who have
friends or family members with alcoholism
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Al-Ateen
– Recovery program for teens who have a
family member or friend with alcoholism