Chapter 5
Elements, Compounds, and
Mixtures
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Section 1 Elements
Section 2 Compounds
Section 3 Mixtures
Concept Map
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Chapter 5
Section 1 Elements
Bellringer
List the names of five metals.
Use your list to describe some of the properties of
metals.
Write your answers in your Science Journal.
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Chapter 5
Section 1 Elements
What You Will Learn
• An element is a pure substance in which there is only
one kind of atom.
• An element cannot be broken down into a simpler
substance by physical or chemical means.
• Each element can be classified by a unique set of
physical and chemical properties.
• Based on their properties, elements are classified as
metals, nonmetals, or metalloids.
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Chapter 5
Section 1 Elements
Elements, the Simplest Substances
• An element is a pure substance that cannot be
separated or broken down into simpler substances by
physical or chemical means.
• A pure substance is a substance in which all of the
“building-block” particles are identical.
• For elements, the building-block particles are called
atoms.
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Chapter 5
Elements, Compounds, and
Mixtures
Classification Scheme for Matter
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Chapter 5
Section 1 Elements
Classifying Elements
• Each element can be classified by its unique set of
characteristic properties.
• Characteristic properties include physical properties
and chemical properties.
• Each element can be identified by its unique set of
properties.
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Chapter 5
Section 1 Elements
Grouping Elements
• Elements are classified as metals, nonmetals, or
metalloids based on their properties.
• Metals are shiny and conduct heat and electric
current. Nonmetals are dull in appearance and do
not conduct heat or electric current.
• Metalloids have properties of both metals and
nonmetals.
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Chapter 5
Elements, Compounds, and
Mixtures
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Chapter 5
Section 2 Compounds
Bellringer
In your Science Journal, make a list of chemical
properties and a list of physical properties. Then,
read the following statement: “Salt is a compound
that is composed of sodium and chlorine atoms.
Therefore, sodium and chlorine must have properties
that are similar to those of salt.”
Is this statement true or false? In your Science
Journal, write an explanation of your answer.
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Chapter 5
Section 2 Compounds
What You Will Learn
• A compound is made up of two or more elements that
are chemically combined to form a new substance
with different properties.
• During a chemical reaction, the reactant atoms of two
or more elements interact and join to form molecules
of one or more compounds.
• Each compound has a unique set of physical and
chemical properties that differ from the properties of
the elements that make up the compound.
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Chapter 5
Section 2 Compounds
Compounds: Made of Elements
• A compound is a pure substance composed of two
or more elements that are chemically combined.
• Elements combine by reacting, or undergoing a
chemical change, with one another.
• A chemical reaction is the process by which
substances change into new substances.
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Chapter 5
Section 2 Compounds
Compounds: Made of Elements, continued
• During a chemical reaction, the atoms of two or more
elements react with each other to form molecules of
compounds.
• When two or more elements combine, a new
compound is formed. The properties of the new
compound are different from the properties of the
elements that formed the compound.
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Chapter 5
Section 2 Compounds
Properties of Compounds
• Each compound has unique physical and chemical
properties.
• A compound has properties that differ from the
properties of the elements that make up the
compound.
• Elements always join in a specific ratio to form a
specific compound.
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Chapter 5
Elements, Compounds, and
Mixtures
Law of Definite Proportions
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Chapter 5
Section 2 Compounds
Breaking Down Compounds
• The only way to break down a compound is through a
chemical change.
• Some compounds can be broken down into their
elements.
• Other compounds can be broken down to form
simpler compounds instead of elements.
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Chapter 5
Section 2 Compounds
Compounds in Your World
• The compounds found in nature are not usually the
raw materials needed by industry. Often, these
compounds must be broken down to provide
elements or other compounds that can be used as
raw materials.
• Proteins and carbon dioxide are two compounds that
play an important role in living things.
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Chapter 5
Section 3 Mixtures
Bellringer
When you add sugar to lemonade, the sugar
disappears. What do you think happens to the sugar?
Write your answer in your Science Journal.
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Chapter 5
Section 3 Mixtures
What You Will Learn
• Mixtures can be separated by physical means, such as
distillation, filtration, and evaporation.
• A solution is a mixture that appears to be a single
substance but is composed of a solute dissolved in a
solvent.
• Concentration is a measure of the amount of a solute
dissolved in a given amount of solvent.
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Chapter 5
Section 3 Mixtures
Properties of Mixtures
• A mixture is a combination of two or more
substances that are not chemically combined.
• Each substance in a mixture keeps its identity
because no chemical change happens when a
mixture is made.
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Chapter 5
Section 3 Mixtures
Properties of Mixtures, continued
• Mixtures can be separated by physical means, such
as filtration, evaporation, and distillation.
• The components of a mixture do not need to be
mixed in a definite ratio.
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Chapter 5
Elements, Compounds, and
Mixtures
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Chapter 5
Section 3 Mixtures
Solutions
• A solution appears to be a single substance, but it is
actually a homogeneous mixture composed of
particles of two or more substances that are
distributed evenly among each other.
• In solutions, the solute is the substance that is
dissolved. The solvent is the substance in which the
solute is dissolved.
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Chapter 5
Section 3 Mixtures
Solutions, continued
• A substance that is insoluble, or unable to dissolve,
forms a mixture that is not a solution.
• Solutions may be liquids, gases, or solids.
• Alloys are solid solutions in which metals or
nonmetals are dissolved in other metals.
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Chapter 5
Elements, Compounds, and
Mixtures
Solutes, Solvents, and Solutions
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Chapter 5
Section 3 Mixtures
Concentration of Solutions
• Concentration is the amount of a particular
substance in a given quantity of a mixture or solution.
The terms concentrated and dilute do not tell you the
exact concentration of solute.
• Solubility is the ability of one substance to dissolve
in another at a certain temperature and pressure.
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Chapter 5
Elements, Compounds, and
Mixtures
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Chapter 5
Elements, Compounds, and
Mixtures
Concept Map
Use the terms below to complete the concept map
on the next slide.
mixture
filter
element
solution
compound
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Chapter 5
Elements, Compounds, and
Mixtures
Concept Map
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Chapter 5
Elements, Compounds, and
Mixtures
Concept Map
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